Complex tracheal resection in children: Myths, reality and lessons learned.

Tracheal resection is an uncommon procedure in children. It was described many years ago and many surgeons still rely on historical reports when performing the procedure, despite the technological and clinical advancements achieved during the last decades. We consider complex tracheal resections those resections of 30 to 50% of tracheal length, corresponding to at least 6-7 rings. With proper intra and post-operative management, this surgery is safe in children. In this review, we focused on the experience with this procedure of 3 reference centers, with 49 patients operated. We present a management algorithm for these patients, describing pre-operative evaluations, decision on surgical approach, need of tracheotomy, type of intra-operative oxygenation, surgical steps, and post-operative care.