The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025
Associations between placental parameters and childhood BMI trajectories from birth to nine years of age in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort.
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Teo Shevaun M, Segurado Ricardo, Douglass Alexander, McAuliffe Fionnuala M, Murrin Celine, Kelleher Cecily C, Phillips Catherine M
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Understanding factors influencing childhood body mass index (BMI) trajectories is crucial for addressing early obesity origins. Placental measures, including placental weight (PW) and birthweight:placental weight (BW:PW) ratio, impact birth outcomes, but their long-term effects on postnatal growth trajectories remain unclear.
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to examine associations between placental outcomes and offspring BMI growth over the first 9 y of life and to consider sex-specific and other potential factors affecting growth.
METHODS: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from 275 mother-child pairs in the Lifeways Cross-Generational Cohort was examined using linear mixed models. Mothers provided data on age, height, prepregnancy weight, lifestyle, and education. Prepregnancy BMI was calculated. Birth outcomes (length, head circumference, gestational age, PW, and BW) and sex were obtained from hospital records, and the BW:PW ratio was generated. Children's weights and heights measured at birth, 5-, and 9-y follow-up were used to calculate BMI. Maternal age, education, and smoking were adjusted for as confounders in the final model, and interaction terms were used to test moderators.
RESULTS: In the final model, PW was positively associated with offspring BMI (B: 0.005; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.007). However, this effect diminished over time (B: -0.003; 95% CI: -0.006, -0.001 and B: -0.004; 95% CI: -0.007, -0.001 at age 5 and 9 y, respectively). No significant sex differences or associations with BW:PW ratio were observed with BMI trajectories. Maternal BMI was positively associated with offspring BMI gains, particularly at age 9 y (B: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.38).
CONCLUSIONS: Higher PW is initially associated with higher offspring BMI in a nonsex-specific manner, but its influence diminishes by the age of 9 y. The influence of maternal BMI on offspring BMI at age 9 may reflect the cumulative impact of maternal BMI on offspring BMI trajectories as children approach preadolescence. Future research should include larger, more diverse populations to better understand these associations.
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to examine associations between placental outcomes and offspring BMI growth over the first 9 y of life and to consider sex-specific and other potential factors affecting growth.
METHODS: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from 275 mother-child pairs in the Lifeways Cross-Generational Cohort was examined using linear mixed models. Mothers provided data on age, height, prepregnancy weight, lifestyle, and education. Prepregnancy BMI was calculated. Birth outcomes (length, head circumference, gestational age, PW, and BW) and sex were obtained from hospital records, and the BW:PW ratio was generated. Children's weights and heights measured at birth, 5-, and 9-y follow-up were used to calculate BMI. Maternal age, education, and smoking were adjusted for as confounders in the final model, and interaction terms were used to test moderators.
RESULTS: In the final model, PW was positively associated with offspring BMI (B: 0.005; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.007). However, this effect diminished over time (B: -0.003; 95% CI: -0.006, -0.001 and B: -0.004; 95% CI: -0.007, -0.001 at age 5 and 9 y, respectively). No significant sex differences or associations with BW:PW ratio were observed with BMI trajectories. Maternal BMI was positively associated with offspring BMI gains, particularly at age 9 y (B: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.38).
CONCLUSIONS: Higher PW is initially associated with higher offspring BMI in a nonsex-specific manner, but its influence diminishes by the age of 9 y. The influence of maternal BMI on offspring BMI at age 9 may reflect the cumulative impact of maternal BMI on offspring BMI trajectories as children approach preadolescence. Future research should include larger, more diverse populations to better understand these associations.