Pathological aspects of brain tumors.

Brain tumors based on their histogenesis, consist of all tumors, derive from the entirely tissue in the intracranial space, both from the neuro-ectodermal/neuro-epithelial tissue and the mesenchymal tissue. By their location they can be divided into infratentorial or supratentorial, and further into deep vs. superficial. The interesting and unique, there are age distribution or location-sex specificity of some brain tumors (BT). WHO Histopathological Typing of Tumors by the CNS, also showing progress on both of their members and new special types of some BT, especially for the meningiomas and neuro-epithelial/neuroglial type. Periodic investigations by the Department of Anatomic Pathology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia did not show major changes in their BT types, but there was on their tumors ranging. Astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforma) for a while was replaced by meningioma as the most common CNS/Intracranial tumor. There are some techniques for the handling of CNS specimens depending on further purposes through on biomolecular activities or defects. The routine technique using light microscope examination was the most useful one for daily diagnosis for many years. Some immunohistochemistry techniques are needed for difficult cases, e.g., GFAP, NE 14, NSE, S100, and MBP. Diagnostic problems could be caused by tissue- or cell-sampling errors, which are influenced by the tumor location itself. Thus, neurosurgeons encounter problems to pick biopsy intraoperative, or by mishandling by the laboratory of anatomic pathology. Formerly, as final diagnosis, grading of CNS tumors must be put according to the Clinical interest for further management of the patient. CNS grading ranges from grade I (benign looking) to IV (malignant). Morphological grading is based on Kernohan and Adson (1949), or Kernohan and Sayre (1952).