Novel insights into the role of microRNAs in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are prevalent chronic inflammatory skin diseases with distinct clinical features and significant impacts on patients' quality of life. AD typically presents as recurrent eczema-like lesions accompanied by intense itching, whereas psoriasis is characterized by well-defined erythematous, scaly epidermal plaques. AD is associated with skin barrier dysfunction, allergen sensitization, and a type 2 immune response, while psoriasis involves hyperproliferation, abnormal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes, and immune cell infiltration. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying AD and psoriasis remain unclear, posing challenges for effective clinical management. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) which are single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by binding to target mRNAs, have been identified as key players in various inflammatory and immune- mediated skin diseases. In AD and psoriasis, miRNAs influence the progression of diseases by modulating inflammatory responses, keratinocyte hyperproliferation, and aberrant differentiation. Certain miRNAs hold promise as biomarkers for diagnosing and treating AD and psoriasis. This paper examines the roles of specific miRNAs in the pathogenesis of these conditions and provides a systematic overview of their diagnostic and therapeutic potential, offering new directions for clinical research and strategies. Advancements in miRNA research are expected to enhance diagnostic precision and support the development of targeted, personalized therapies, ultimately improving management of these complex dermatologic disorders.