Predictive Validity of Hypothesized Risk Factors for Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the predictive validity of comorbid conditions hypothesized to be risk factors of superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS).

STUDY

DESIGN

Retrospective case-control study.

SETTING

A metropolitan health care system.

PATIENTS: Adult patients with superior canal dehiscence syndrome (n=152) and matched controls (n=438) between the years 2016 and 2021.

INTERVENTION: Diagnostic.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences in rates of comorbid diagnoses evaluated by multivariate logistic regression: disorders of bone density (osteoporosis, osteopenia, or osteomalacia), vitamin D deficiency, hypocalcemia, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), idiopathic intracranial hypertension, history of head trauma, and BMI >25.

RESULTS

The study patients had a mean age of 57.8 years, with 62.5% females. Two diagnoses achieved significance ( P <0.05) in the multivariate logistic regression: OSA was a positive predictor of SCDS with an OR of 2.29 (95% CI: 1.15-4.54), whereas having a BMI over 25 was a negative predictor with an OR of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.29-0.89). The remaining diagnoses either did not achieve a statistically significant association or were excluded from multivariate analysis due to rarity in the cohort.

CONCLUSIONS

OSA was a significant positive predictor of SCDS while elevated BMI acted as a negative predictor, suggesting that comorbid OSA may confound previously reported links between elevated BMI and SCDS.