Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024
Comprehensive analysis of orofacial motor skills in children with obstructive sleep apnea.
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da Silva Dias Franciele Voltarelli, Trawitzki Luciana Vitaliano Voi, Garcia Denny Marcos, Eckeli Alan Luiz, Valera Fabiana Cardoso Pereira, Anselmo-Lima Wilma Terezinha, de Felício Cláudia Maria
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The neuromuscular activity has a critical role in the permeability of the upper airways.
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to conduct a detailed and comparative investigation of the orofacial musculature and motor skills of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children aged 7 to 12 years with OSA (OSA group, n = 12) and without OSA (Control group, n = 12) were compared. Orofacial appearance/posture and motor skills were assessed using the orofacial myofunctional evaluation protocol with scores. Bite force, tongue pressure measurements, and surface electromyography of swallowing were also performed.
RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the OSA group obtained lower scores in appearance/posture, mobility, and orofacial functions (P < 0.0001), and lower values of bite force (P = 0.019) and tongue strength in protrusion (P = 0.008) and deglutition (P = 0.004). The OSA group also displayed lower values of maximum speed (P = 0.003) and peak activity (P = 0.0005) during spontaneous swallowing and higher relative energy expenditure (integral) of the muscles in the water swallowing task (50 mL) (P ≤ 0.01). Notably, the effect size ranged from moderate to large for all groups differences.
CONCLUSION: The children with OSA showed impairments in orofacial musculature and motor skills, as evidenced by reduced muscle recruitment capacity and coordination in applying pressure/force and performing orofacial movements and functions.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study contributes to the understanding of non-anatomical factors associated with OSA in children and to the development of therapeutic strategies.
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to conduct a detailed and comparative investigation of the orofacial musculature and motor skills of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children aged 7 to 12 years with OSA (OSA group, n = 12) and without OSA (Control group, n = 12) were compared. Orofacial appearance/posture and motor skills were assessed using the orofacial myofunctional evaluation protocol with scores. Bite force, tongue pressure measurements, and surface electromyography of swallowing were also performed.
RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the OSA group obtained lower scores in appearance/posture, mobility, and orofacial functions (P < 0.0001), and lower values of bite force (P = 0.019) and tongue strength in protrusion (P = 0.008) and deglutition (P = 0.004). The OSA group also displayed lower values of maximum speed (P = 0.003) and peak activity (P = 0.0005) during spontaneous swallowing and higher relative energy expenditure (integral) of the muscles in the water swallowing task (50 mL) (P ≤ 0.01). Notably, the effect size ranged from moderate to large for all groups differences.
CONCLUSION: The children with OSA showed impairments in orofacial musculature and motor skills, as evidenced by reduced muscle recruitment capacity and coordination in applying pressure/force and performing orofacial movements and functions.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study contributes to the understanding of non-anatomical factors associated with OSA in children and to the development of therapeutic strategies.