[Nongenomic mechanisms of progesterone].

Rapid, independent of transcriptional effects of progesterone have been observed in various types of cells, tissues and species. In some biological systems, these nongenomic actions and associated with them signal transduction pathways are characterized in detail at molecular level. This review summarizes findings concerning the role of progestins in the regulation of such physiological functions and processes as meiotic maturation of fish and amphibian oocytes; growth and proliferation of normal and transformed cells of mammary gland; contraction of myometrium; survival and functional activity of granulose cells; sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction and hypermotility; immune function of T lymphocytes; survival and function of brain cells. The participation of several types of receptor proteins in the nongenomic progesterone signaling is discussed. They include the classic nuclear progesterone receptor, PR, the membrane progestin receptor, mPR, the progesterone membrane receptor component, PGMRC, the oxytocin receptor, OTR, and the GABA receptor, GABA(A).