Percutaneous approach to the renal pelvis: combined use of ultrasonography and fluoroscopy.

The percutaneous approach to the renal pelvis provides access for antegrade urography, percutaneous nephrostomy, or endourologic manipulation. Having performed 31 successful procedures, including the percutaneous placement of double-pigtail ureteral stents for ureterovesical obstruction, we advocate the combined use of ultrasonography and fluoroscopy to achieve optimal results.