From maximally to minimally invasive surgery for sinus floor augmentation.

Placing implants in the posterior region of the maxilla may require expanding the floor of the maxillary sinus. A major surgical procedure developed 30 years ago used lateral window access to the sinus cavity to achieve this. In the intervening years, less invasive techniques using a crestal approach were introduced; while they have reduced the complication and morbidity risks, they require micro-surgical skills. This review of the progression of maxillary sinus augmentation from major surgery to a minimally invasive procedure explores the various surgical approaches, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each.