Vocal tract acoustics.

This paper considers the topic of vocal tract acoustics from the three perspectives: (a) the acoustic theory of speech production; (b) contemporary laboratory methods for acoustic analysis, and (c) measurement of the acoustic signal of speech. Linear source-filter theory is the standard acoustic theory of speech production and is the foundation for remarkable advances in the analysis and synthesis of speech. Digital signal processing, the dominant laboratory method for speech analysis, enables the acquisition and recording of the acoustic speech signal but also implements quantitative algorithms largely based on linear source-filter theory. Measurements of the acoustic signal reflect the acoustic theory of speech production, laboratory methods for signal analysis, and principles of experimental phonetics. Basic issues in the three domains of theory, laboratory methods, and measurement are summarized as they pertain to the interests of the voice scientist, voice clinician, and voice teacher.