American journal of rhinology & allergy · 2016
Differences in innate immune response gene regulation in the middle ear of children who are otitis prone and in those not otitis prone.
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Kaur Ravinder, Casey Janet, Pichichero Michael
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Acute otitis media (AOM) causes an inflammatory response in the middle ear. We assessed differences in innate immune responses involved in bacterial defense at onset of AOM in children who were stringently defined as otitis prone (sOP) and children not otitis prone (NOP).
STUDY DESIGN: Innate immune genes analysis from middle ear fluid (MEF) samples of children.
METHODS: Genes of toll-like receptors (TLR), nod-like and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors, downstream effectors important for inflammation and apoptosis, including cytokines and chemokines, were studied from MEF samples by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction array. Protein levels of differentially regulated genes were measured by Luminex.
RESULTS: Gene expression in MEF among children who were sOP was significantly different in upregulation of interleukin 8, secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3, and in downregulation of interferon regulatory factor 7 and its related signaling molecules interferon alpha, Toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 compared with children who were NOP. Differences in innate gene regulation were similar when AOM was caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae.
CONCLUSION: Innate-immune response genes are differentially regulated in children who were sOP compared with children with NOP.
STUDY DESIGN: Innate immune genes analysis from middle ear fluid (MEF) samples of children.
METHODS: Genes of toll-like receptors (TLR), nod-like and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors, downstream effectors important for inflammation and apoptosis, including cytokines and chemokines, were studied from MEF samples by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction array. Protein levels of differentially regulated genes were measured by Luminex.
RESULTS: Gene expression in MEF among children who were sOP was significantly different in upregulation of interleukin 8, secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3, and in downregulation of interferon regulatory factor 7 and its related signaling molecules interferon alpha, Toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 compared with children who were NOP. Differences in innate gene regulation were similar when AOM was caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae.
CONCLUSION: Innate-immune response genes are differentially regulated in children who were sOP compared with children with NOP.
Предметные рубрики MeSH
AdolescentChemokine CCL3Chemokine CCL5ChildEar, MiddleFemaleGene Expression RegulationGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHaemophilus parainfluenzaeHumansImmunity, InnateInterferon Regulatory Factor-7Interferon-alphaInterleukin-8MaleOtitis MediaProspective StudiesSecretory Leukocyte Peptidase InhibitorStreptococcus pneumoniaeToll-Like Receptor 2