Adhesive hydrogels containing berberine and mesoporous silica nanocarriers: a potential therapy for neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder and the predominant form of dementia among the elderly. Berberine (BBR) is an approved drug for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that has demonstrated a substantial improvement in cognitive function, proficient management of neurobehavioral symptoms, and enhancement of performance in vital everyday activities. Nonetheless, the adverse effects of the drug encompass vomiting and nausea, considerable variations in blood concentrations, and inadequate patient adherence. Consequently, the primary objectives are to optimize the administration method and enhance therapeutic efficiency. Hence, we suggest utilizing a hierarchical hydrogel (HGL)-incorporated mesoporous silica nanocarrier (MSN) to incorporate BBR, aiming to reduce adverse effects in the stomach. These hydrogels facilitate the gradual release of drugs at a rate of 62% over a prolonged duration, aiming to decrease dose frequency, optimize the efficacy of drug administrations, and improve patient adherence. Due to these characteristics, drug-encapsulating MSN-BBR hydrogels can facilitate optimal drug administration and have developed into superior options for Alzheimer's disease therapy, with innovation promising effective treatment.