Natural killer activity in (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 hybrids undergoing acute and chronic graft-vs.-host reaction.

The present findings demonstrate that a total i.v. transfer of 100 X 10(6) C57BL/6 (B6) parental spleen cells into untreated (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 hybrids (B6D2F1) resulted in acute runting, which was associated with a significantly elevated graft-vs.-host (GVH) index over a one-month period following GVH induction. Furthermore, this B6-induced acute GVH disease was associated with a marked depression of natural killer (NK) cell activity (spleen and peripheral blood) (with or without addition of mouse fibroblast interferon), which correlated with lymphoid cell hypocellularity, prominent splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), and parallel depressions of both concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced mitogenesis. Significantly increased killing by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of antibody-coated chicken red blood cells, as well as increased T cell killing of the NK-insensitive cell line P815 (as compared to the significantly decreased killing of the NK-sensitive cell line YAC-1) was also observed in the spleens of this 100 X 10(6) B6-injected F1 group. In marked contrast to this 100 X 10(6) B6-injected acute GVH group, untreated mice injected i.v. with the same or greater numbers of parental DBA/2 spleen cells (100 X 10(6)-150 X 10(6) DBA/2 spleen cells) exhibited a milder and more chronic form of GVH disease, which was not associated with a significant decrease of NK activity. It was of considerable interest that a total i.v. transfer of 50 X 10(6) B6 spleen cells (i.e. one-half of that required to produce acute GVH, markedly depressed NK, and prominent splenic EMH) into B6D2F1 hybrids also resulted in a more chronic form of GVH disease, but was associated with significantly increased levels of NK activity at two weeks post GVH induction.