Response to pinealectomy and blinding in vitellogenic female frogs (Rana perezi) subjected to high temperature in autumn.

The present experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of pinealectomy and bilateral enucleation on the ovarian activity in Rana perezi frogs maintained in 12-h light--12-h dark photoperiod and 20 +/- 1 degrees C during the vitellogenetic growth in late autumn. These environmental conditions, mainly temperature, induce a gonadal and metabolic response similar to that observed in the natural habitat in summer: a marked ovarian follicular regression, a depletion of the energetic resources from fat bodies and liver, and a minimum in oestradiol circulating levels. This response is partially blocked by pinealectomy and blinding. Protein phosphorus, as an index of vitellogenic proteins, and total ovary lipid content were significantly higher in pinealectomized and blinded frogs with respect to sham-operated animals. Likewise, oestradiol concentrations showed a significant increase during the dark phase of the daily photocycle in pinealectomized and blinded animals. From our results, we can suggest that the arrest of vitellogenesis, the depletion of energetic resources, and the regulation of oestradiol levels induced by the high temperature in Rana perezi frogs can be influenced, at least in part, by the pineal complex and lateral eyes.