Iterative cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for recurrent peritoneal metastases.

BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) achieves disease control within the peritoneum but recurrences occur. This study examines the outcomes of iterative CRS (iCRS) HIPEC for treatment of recurrent peritoneal metastases.

METHODS: Patients who underwent iCRS in a single tertiary referral center were identified from a prospective database. Safety analysis was performed and clinicopathological variables were analyzed to assess factors predictive of major morbidity and survival.

RESULTS: The demographics of patients who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery (pCRS) (n = 466) and iCRS (n = 79) were balanced between groups. pCRS was shown to require more blood transfusion (P = 0.019) and albumin use (P = 0.013). The mortality and major complication rates were comparable (1.2% vs. 0%; P = 0.600, and 42% vs. 41%; P = 0.806). Residual pneumothorax occurred more frequently after pCRS (12% vs. 4%; P = 0.030). Factors associated with major complications after iCRS include use of HIPEC (P = 0.042) and length of hospital stay (P = 0.024). The overall median survival was 48 months and 5-year survival was 34%. By cancer type, the 3-year survival was 0%, 74%, 80%, and 72% for colorectal, appendiceal pseudomyxoma, peritoneal mesothelioma, and appendix cancer, respectively. Independent predictors of survival include age (P = 0.049), interval between pCRS and iCRS (P = 0.008), small bowel resection (P < 0.001), and use of HIPEC (P = 0.005).

CONCLUSION: Iterative CRS achieved further peritoneal disease control without adverse effects on morbidity. Patients with appendiceal tumors and peritoneal mesothelioma appear to benefit most after iCRS. Intraoperative HIPEC remains important in the repetoire of managing these patients.