Dynamic protein assembly and architecture of the large solitary membraneless organelle during germline development in the wasp Nasonia vitripennis.

Throughout metazoa, germ cells assemble RNA-protein organelles (germ granules). In Drosophila ovaries, perinuclear nuage forms in the nurse cells, while compositionally similar polar granules form in the oocyte. A similar system appears to exist in the distantly related (∼350 million years) wasp Nasonia, with some surprising divergences. Nuage is similarly formed in Nasonia, except that anterior nurse cells accumulate significantly more nuage, in association with high levels of DNA double-strand breaks, suggesting that increased transposon activity anteriorly is silenced by high nuage levels. In the oocyte, the germ plasm forms a single granule that is 40 times larger than a homologous Drosophila polar granule. While conserved germ granule proteins are recruited to the oosome, they show unusual localization: Tudor protein forms a shell encapsulating the embryonic oosome, while small Oskar/Vasa/Aubergine granules coalesce interiorly. Wasp Vasa itself is unusual since it has an alternative splice form that includes a previously unreported nucleoporin-like phenylalanine-glycine repeat domain. Our work is consistent with the high degree of evolutionary plasticity of membraneless organelles, and describes a new experimental model and resources for studying biomolecular condensates.