Phytochemical composition, biological activities, and molecular docking analysis of Ozoroa insignis Delile leaf extracts.

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of Ozoroa insignis Delile leaves in terms of their phytochemical, biological, and computational features. The extract showed substantial amounts of alkaloids (57.59 mg/g), flavonoids (141.48 mg/g), saponins (61.72 mg/g), and phenols (142.15 mg/g). DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activities reached 64.53% and 70.56%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. Fraction A showed the strongest inhibition, with the IC50 values of α-amylase and α-glucosidase of 53.61 and 78.5 µg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking showed that all six GC-MS-identified compounds exhibited binding affinities ranging from -4.6 to -6.0 kcal/mol. Overall, O. insignis is considered a promising source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and enzyme-inhibiting properties for future pharmacological investigation.