Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026
The Effects of Chlorhexidine, Essential Oil-Based, and Stannous Fluoride Mouthrinses on the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of CAD/CAM Ceramics.
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Ghasemian Gorji Fateme, Ezoji Fariba, Ahmadizenouz Ghazaleh, Seyedmajidi Seyedali
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: The long-term esthetic performance of CAD/CAM ceramic restorations may be influenced by repeated exposure to therapeutic mouthrinses. This study evaluated the effects of chlorhexidine, essential oil-based, and stannous fluoride mouthrinses on the color stability (ΔE) and surface roughness (Ra) of glazed and polished CAD/CAM ceramics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro experimental study, 320 specimens fabricated from four CAD/CAM ceramic materials (Vita Mark II, IPS e.max CAD, CAD, Celtra Duo, and high-translucency zirconia) were randomly assigned to glazed or polished surface treatment groups and immersed daily for 20 min in chlorhexidine, essential oil-based, stannous fluoride mouthrinses, or distilled water (control) for 30 days. Color stability was assessed using spectrophotometry based on the CIE Lab* color system, and surface roughness was measured using laser profilometry. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).
RESULTS: The effects of therapeutic mouthrinses on color stability and surface roughness varied according to ceramic material and surface finish. The greatest color change was observed in polished IPS e.max CAD immersed in the essential oil-based mouthrinse (ΔE = 3.69), whereas the lowest ΔE was recorded for glazed Celtra Duo immersed in stannous fluoride (ΔE = 1.59). Polished specimens consistently exhibited greater increases in surface roughness than glazed specimens across all ceramic materials. Significant differences in ΔE and/or Ra were identified according to ceramic type, mouthrinse composition, and surface finish (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The effects of therapeutic mouthrinses on CAD/CAM ceramics depend on both ceramic composition and surface finish. Essential oil-based mouthrinse produced the greatest color changes in several ceramic materials, whereas glazed surfaces generally demonstrated greater resistance to surface roughness changes than polished surfaces. These findings highlight the importance of considering both material selection and surface finishing when recommending therapeutic mouthrinse use for patients with CAD/CAM ceramic restorations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro experimental study, 320 specimens fabricated from four CAD/CAM ceramic materials (Vita Mark II, IPS e.max CAD, CAD, Celtra Duo, and high-translucency zirconia) were randomly assigned to glazed or polished surface treatment groups and immersed daily for 20 min in chlorhexidine, essential oil-based, stannous fluoride mouthrinses, or distilled water (control) for 30 days. Color stability was assessed using spectrophotometry based on the CIE Lab* color system, and surface roughness was measured using laser profilometry. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).
RESULTS: The effects of therapeutic mouthrinses on color stability and surface roughness varied according to ceramic material and surface finish. The greatest color change was observed in polished IPS e.max CAD immersed in the essential oil-based mouthrinse (ΔE = 3.69), whereas the lowest ΔE was recorded for glazed Celtra Duo immersed in stannous fluoride (ΔE = 1.59). Polished specimens consistently exhibited greater increases in surface roughness than glazed specimens across all ceramic materials. Significant differences in ΔE and/or Ra were identified according to ceramic type, mouthrinse composition, and surface finish (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The effects of therapeutic mouthrinses on CAD/CAM ceramics depend on both ceramic composition and surface finish. Essential oil-based mouthrinse produced the greatest color changes in several ceramic materials, whereas glazed surfaces generally demonstrated greater resistance to surface roughness changes than polished surfaces. These findings highlight the importance of considering both material selection and surface finishing when recommending therapeutic mouthrinse use for patients with CAD/CAM ceramic restorations.