Annals of Saudi medicine · 2026
Stunting and thinness among adolescents residing in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia: a school-based cross-sectional study using WHO AnthroPlus.
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Eltyeb Ebtihal Elameen, Al-Makramani Ali Ali
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a critical period of growth and development during which nutritional deficiencies may adversely affect health outcomes throughout adulthood.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of stunting and thinness among adolescents in Jazan city, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO AnthroPlus growth reference, and to identify associated sociodemographic factors.
DESIGN: School-based cross-sectional study.
SETTING: Governmental intermediate schools in Jazan city, Saudi Arabia, between January and May 2023.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 324 adolescents aged 13-16 years were enrolled using a multistage cluster sampling technique. Sociodemographic data were collected using a data collection form. Anthropometric measurements, including height and weight, were obtained according to standardized World Health Organization (WHO) protocols. Height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) and body mass index-for-age z-scores (BMIZ) were calculated using WHO AnthroPlus software. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with stunting and thinness.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of stunting (HAZ <-2 standard deviations, SD), severe stunting (HAZ <-3 SD), and thinness (BMIZ <-2 SD), and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics.
SAMPLE SIZE: A total of 324 adolescents were included in the final analysis.
RESULTS: The mean HAZ for the study population was -0.74±1.08. Stunting (HAZ <-2 SD) was identified in 40 adolescents (12.3%; 95% CI: 9.0%-16.0%), including 6 adolescents with severe stunting (1.9%; 95% CI: 0.6%-3.4%). The mean BMIZ was 0.69±1.30, and thinness (BMIZ <-2 SD) was observed in 14 adolescents (4.3%; 95% CI: 2.2%-6.5%). Increasing age was independently associated with higher odds of stunting (AOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.12-2.30; P=.010).
CONCLUSIONS: Stunting remains a significant public health concern among adolescents in Jazan city despite the relatively low prevalence of thinness. Increasing age was independently associated with higher odds of stunting.
LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design precludes causal inference. The study included only governmental schools from Jazan city, which may limit generalizability.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of stunting and thinness among adolescents in Jazan city, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO AnthroPlus growth reference, and to identify associated sociodemographic factors.
DESIGN: School-based cross-sectional study.
SETTING: Governmental intermediate schools in Jazan city, Saudi Arabia, between January and May 2023.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 324 adolescents aged 13-16 years were enrolled using a multistage cluster sampling technique. Sociodemographic data were collected using a data collection form. Anthropometric measurements, including height and weight, were obtained according to standardized World Health Organization (WHO) protocols. Height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) and body mass index-for-age z-scores (BMIZ) were calculated using WHO AnthroPlus software. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with stunting and thinness.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of stunting (HAZ <-2 standard deviations, SD), severe stunting (HAZ <-3 SD), and thinness (BMIZ <-2 SD), and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics.
SAMPLE SIZE: A total of 324 adolescents were included in the final analysis.
RESULTS: The mean HAZ for the study population was -0.74±1.08. Stunting (HAZ <-2 SD) was identified in 40 adolescents (12.3%; 95% CI: 9.0%-16.0%), including 6 adolescents with severe stunting (1.9%; 95% CI: 0.6%-3.4%). The mean BMIZ was 0.69±1.30, and thinness (BMIZ <-2 SD) was observed in 14 adolescents (4.3%; 95% CI: 2.2%-6.5%). Increasing age was independently associated with higher odds of stunting (AOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.12-2.30; P=.010).
CONCLUSIONS: Stunting remains a significant public health concern among adolescents in Jazan city despite the relatively low prevalence of thinness. Increasing age was independently associated with higher odds of stunting.
LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design precludes causal inference. The study included only governmental schools from Jazan city, which may limit generalizability.