Frontiers in public health · 2026
COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases: associations with disease subtypes, treatments, and vaccination status.
СтатьяНаблюдательное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Ak Feyza, Kaya Zeynep
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) may be at increased risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes because of immune dysregulation, comorbidities, and immunomodulatory treatments. However, the effects of specific rheumatic disease subsets, treatment patterns, and vaccine types remain incompletely understood.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical characteristics and factors associated with COVID-19 infection and hospitalization among patients with IRDs.
METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study included 1,024 adult patients with IRDs followed between March 2020 and January 2023. Demographic characteristics, rheumatic disease subtypes, treatments, vaccination status, COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, radiologic findings, and recovery duration were analyzed.
RESULTS: Among all patients, 347 (33.9%) developed COVID-19 infection. Patients with COVID-19 were younger than those without COVID-19 (49.1 ± 13.4 vs. 51.5 ± 14.5 years, p = 0.007). Vaccination before infection was significantly more frequent in the COVID-19-negative group (92.3% vs. 23.9%, p < 0.001). Spondyloarthritis frequency was higher among COVID-19-positive patients (25.9% vs. 20.1%, p = 0.030), whereas methotrexate use was lower (14.4% vs. 22.6%, p = 0.002). Among COVID-19-positive patients, 40 (11.5%) required hospitalization. Hospitalized patients were older, had more frequent lung disease, longer rheumatic disease duration, increased radiologic involvement, and prolonged recovery duration (all p < 0.05). In univariate analyses, FMF, colchicine use, and BNT162b2 vaccination were associated with lower hospitalization rates; however, these associations were not retained after multivariable adjustment.
CONCLUSION: Older age, pulmonary comorbidity, longer disease duration, and radiologic involvement were associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization in IRDs. In contrast, FMF, colchicine use, and BNT162b2 vaccination were associated with lower hospitalization rates.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical characteristics and factors associated with COVID-19 infection and hospitalization among patients with IRDs.
METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study included 1,024 adult patients with IRDs followed between March 2020 and January 2023. Demographic characteristics, rheumatic disease subtypes, treatments, vaccination status, COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, radiologic findings, and recovery duration were analyzed.
RESULTS: Among all patients, 347 (33.9%) developed COVID-19 infection. Patients with COVID-19 were younger than those without COVID-19 (49.1 ± 13.4 vs. 51.5 ± 14.5 years, p = 0.007). Vaccination before infection was significantly more frequent in the COVID-19-negative group (92.3% vs. 23.9%, p < 0.001). Spondyloarthritis frequency was higher among COVID-19-positive patients (25.9% vs. 20.1%, p = 0.030), whereas methotrexate use was lower (14.4% vs. 22.6%, p = 0.002). Among COVID-19-positive patients, 40 (11.5%) required hospitalization. Hospitalized patients were older, had more frequent lung disease, longer rheumatic disease duration, increased radiologic involvement, and prolonged recovery duration (all p < 0.05). In univariate analyses, FMF, colchicine use, and BNT162b2 vaccination were associated with lower hospitalization rates; however, these associations were not retained after multivariable adjustment.
CONCLUSION: Older age, pulmonary comorbidity, longer disease duration, and radiologic involvement were associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization in IRDs. In contrast, FMF, colchicine use, and BNT162b2 vaccination were associated with lower hospitalization rates.