Global change biology · 2026

Phenological Flexibility in Nesting Grassland Birds Over a Half Century Informs Timing of Management.

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Ellis Kristen S, Anteau Michael J, Igl Lawrence D, MacDonald Garrett J, Niemuth Neal D, Pearse Aaron T, Shaffer Jill A, Ribic Christine A, Vest Josh L, Abe Masanori, Ackerman Daniel S, Ahlering Marissa A, Alpert Johanna N, Amiri Anahit, Andersson Kent, Augustine Jacqueline K, Bakker Kristel K, Beck Jeffrey L, Behney Adam C, Bernath-Plaisted Jacy S, Bogenschutz Todd R, Bollinger Eric K, Bortolotti Lauren E, Boyce Andy J, Brawn Jeffrey D, Bryant Fred C, Campomizzi Andrew J, Carlisle Jay D, Carroll J Matthew, Carroll Rachel, Carroll John P, Clarke Justin R, Conover Michael R, Conrey Reesa Y, Coon Jaime J, Cutting Kyle A, Davis Stephen K, Davis Dawn M, Diefenbach Duane R, Dinkins Jonathan B, Dreelin R Andrew, Dreitz Victoria J, Duchardt Courtney J, Eichholz Michael W, Ellis-Felege Susan N, Ellison Kevin S, Fedy Bradley C, Fino Samantha R, Fletcher Robert J, Fogarty Dillon T, Fuhlendorf Samuel D, Garrettson Pamela R, Gates Robert J, Gelling Erin L, Giocomo James J, Glass Alex, Gratto-Trevor Cheri L, Gurney Kirsty E B, Haffele Ryan D, Hagen Christian A, Harriman Vanessa B, Harryman Samuel W H, Haukos David A, Haynam Robert T, Herakovich Heather A, Herkert James R, Hernández Fidel, Hill Jason M, Homan H Jeffrey, Hovick Torre J, Jenks Jonathan A, Jensen William E, Johnston Aaron N, Jones Sydney-Marie, Kelly Carly S, Kemink Kaylan M, Kempema Silka L F, Kesler Dylan C, Kirol Christopher P, Klaver Robert W, Klug Page E, Kolar Jesse L, Koper Nicola, Kuechle Kyle J, Lautenbach Jonathan D, Lebrun-Southcott Zoe M, Londe David W, Loss Scott R, Mackenzie Cullen M, Magee Patrick A, Manzer Douglas L, McCarty John P, McKee Gwyn, McKellar Ann E, McNew Lance B, Miller James R, Milligan Megan C, Minor Ashlee K, Murano Rocco J, Murray Les D, Naugle David E, Nielsen Clayton K, Norment Christopher J, Ogden Sarah B, Parsons Lindsey A, Peer Brian D, Perlut Noah G, Pitman James C, Pollentier Christopher D, Powell Larkin A, Pratt Aaron C, Pulliam John P, Raginski Nancy M, Reinking Dan L, Reintsma Kaitlyn M, Riley Terry Z, Ringelman Kevin M, Robb Joseph R, Robinson Scott K, Rosales Andres N, Roy Charlotte L, Ruth Kayla A, Sandercock Brett K, Sedivec Kevin K, Sherrod Steve K, Shew Justin J, Sieges Mason L, Sika Jenny L, Skagen Susan K, Skaggs Cassandra G, Smith Joseph, Smith Jennifer A, Smith Kurt T, Solem Alex J, Stafford Joshua D, Stauffer Glenn E, Stephenson Matthew D, Sutcliffe Lee, Swicegood Amber E, Tack Jason, Tanner Evan P, Terry Catrina V, Tori Wendy P, Unger Ashley M, VanBeek Kelly R, Vetter William E, VonBank Jay A, Walker Brett L, Whitson Michael D, Winter Maiken, With Kimberly A, Wolfe Donald H, Adams Amy A Yackel, Zuckerberg Benjamin

Аннотация

The timing of biological events for wildlife species reflects and influences ecological and evolutionary processes and helps guide management actions to meet conservation objectives. Climate change may cause phenological shifts across trophic levels and ecosystems, which can have broad ecological impacts. Shifts may also result in mistiming between management practices based on historical conditions and current biological events, reducing the effectiveness of natural resource management and conservation efforts. We analyzed nesting phenology patterns over recent decades across North America for 44 species of grassland-nesting birds, including waterfowl, upland gamebirds, shorebirds, and passerines, many of which have experienced precipitous population declines. Understanding nesting phenologies of these species is important to their conservation, as grassland management activities often conflict with reproductive periods leading to high nest and young mortality. We compiled a dataset of over 172,000 nest records spanning five decades and evaluated environmental factors influencing long-term shifts and short-term flexibility in nesting phenology. We found considerable variation in responses among species, with differences in both direction and magnitude of spatiotemporal effects on nest initiation dates. Notably, the community-level nesting season lengthened over time, but shifts exhibited spatial heterogeneity within this community of grassland birds. Nesting dates shifted asymmetrically across the breeding season with differential changes in early, peak, and late nesting dates whereas long-term changes were mediated by weather and geographic gradients. For example, nest initiation was earlier in warmer and wetter years. By applying a quantile-based analysis, we provide estimates of the full nesting period that could serve as a flexible tool for scheduling monitoring efforts and balancing management and human activities with periods of reduced nesting activity. Our collaborative effort illustrates the challenges and opportunities of collecting long-term data on avian communities necessary for answering questions across large regions but highlights the value of research coordination for bird conservation.

Предметные рубрики MeSH

Animals Nesting Behavior Birds Grassland Conservation of Natural Resources Seasons Climate Change North America Reproduction

Phenological Flexibility in Nesting Grassland Birds Over a Half Century Informs Timing of Management.

Ошибки и ограничения

Аннотация

Предметные рубрики MeSH