Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026
Anti-Müllerian hormone in relation to adiposity and metabolic indices in polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome.
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Kowalczyk Karolina, Gałczyńska Dominika, Herman Julia, Czyż Marta, Kowalczyk Dariusz, Drosdzol-Cop Agnieszka, Franik Grzegorz
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is widely used as a marker of ovarian reserve and is also incorporated into the diagnostic assessment of polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS). Although PMOS is strongly associated with metabolic dysfunction and abnormal adipose tissue distribution, the relationship between AMH concentrations and adiposity, and especially visceral adiposity remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum AMH levels and selected adiposity and metabolic markers in women with PMOS.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1147 women with newly diagnosed PMOS. Serum AMH, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and other hormonal parameters were assessed. Anthropometric measurements included body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Percent body fat (PBF) and visceral fat area (VFA) were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The lipid accumulation product (LAP), cardiometabolic index (CMI), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated.
RESULTS: AMH concentrations showed very weak inverse correlations with adiposity markers, WHR (r = -.05, p <.05), VFA (r = -.1, p <.05), CMI (r = -.06, p <.05), and LAP (r = -.1, p <.05), while a positive correlation was observed between AMH and SHBG levels (r = .07, p <.05). In contrast, LAP was moderately or strongly positively correlated with fasting insulin (r = .67, p <.05), HOMA-IR (r = .67, p <.05), PBF (r = .76, p <.05), and anthropometric measures, and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = -.64, p <.05) and SHBG (r = -.62, p <.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) identified two major metabolic dimensions, predominantly reflecting triglyceride and cholesterol-related variation, which together explained 68.8% of the total variance. AMH showed no correlation with any of them.
CONCLUSIONS: In women with PMOS, serum AMH concentrations are negligibly associated with adiposity markers despite strong relationships between these markers and metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, AMH levels should be interpreted primarily in the context of age and reproductive characteristics rather than as a direct marker of visceral adiposity or metabolic risk.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1147 women with newly diagnosed PMOS. Serum AMH, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and other hormonal parameters were assessed. Anthropometric measurements included body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Percent body fat (PBF) and visceral fat area (VFA) were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The lipid accumulation product (LAP), cardiometabolic index (CMI), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated.
RESULTS: AMH concentrations showed very weak inverse correlations with adiposity markers, WHR (r = -.05, p <.05), VFA (r = -.1, p <.05), CMI (r = -.06, p <.05), and LAP (r = -.1, p <.05), while a positive correlation was observed between AMH and SHBG levels (r = .07, p <.05). In contrast, LAP was moderately or strongly positively correlated with fasting insulin (r = .67, p <.05), HOMA-IR (r = .67, p <.05), PBF (r = .76, p <.05), and anthropometric measures, and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = -.64, p <.05) and SHBG (r = -.62, p <.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) identified two major metabolic dimensions, predominantly reflecting triglyceride and cholesterol-related variation, which together explained 68.8% of the total variance. AMH showed no correlation with any of them.
CONCLUSIONS: In women with PMOS, serum AMH concentrations are negligibly associated with adiposity markers despite strong relationships between these markers and metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, AMH levels should be interpreted primarily in the context of age and reproductive characteristics rather than as a direct marker of visceral adiposity or metabolic risk.