Surface Properties, Color Stability, and Bacterial Adhesion of Implant-Supported Provisional Restorative Materials: In Vitro Study.

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate surface roughness, wettability, color stability, and bacterial adhesion of different materials used in implant-supported provisional restorations.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

Eighty samples (6 × 6 × 2 mm ± 0.2 mm) were fabricated and distributed into four groups (n = 20): Bis-acryl composite resin (BCR); CAD-CAM PMMA resin (Milled); Auto-polymerized acrylic resin (APR); prefabricated acrylic tooth (PT). Surface roughness was measured using a 3D optical profilometer, wettability by the sessile drop method, and color stability with a spectrophotometer after immersion in distilled water and coffee. Bacterial adhesion was assessed through Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and quantified spectrophotometrically after crystal violet staining. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).

RESULTS

Bis-acryl composite resin (BCR) showed the lowest surface roughness, while prefabricated acrylic tooth (PT) exhibited higher roughness and contact angle values (p < 0.001) and the greatest color change (ΔE ≥ 3.3). BCR demonstrated the highest bacterial adhesion, whereas CAD-CAM PMMA resin (Milled) showed the lowest adhesion.

CONCLUSIONS

The behavior of provisional restorative materials is influenced by their composition, affecting surface, optical, and biological performance. Lower surface roughness did not result in reduced biofilm formation. CAD/CAM-milled and Auto-polymerized resins showed more favorable overall performance.