The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology · 2026
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether as an alternative solvent for mRNA-LNP manufacture.
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Ross Catherine, Lindsay Sarah, Barham Sara, Perrie Yvonne
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGEE) as an alternative organic solvent to ethanol for mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) manufacture.
METHODS: LNPs composed of distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, a PEGylated lipid and one of four ionizable lipids (SM-102, ALC-0315, Dlin-MC3-DMA or C12-200) were prepared using ethanol or DEGEE. Physicochemical properties were characterized using dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, single-particle Raman analysis, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation. Gas chromatography confirmed solvent removal following purification. Membrane-disruptive activity was evaluated under physiological and endosomal-like pH conditions, and in vivo protein expression was used to assess functional mRNA delivery.
KEY FINDINGS: Across the four LNP formulations tested, DEGEE supported the production of LNPs with physicochemical and biological performance equivalent to ethanol-manufactured LNPs. Both solvents were effectively removed using standard purification workflows, and particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and pH-responsive membrane-disruptive activity were not affected by solvent substitution. In vivo studies further demonstrated comparable protein expression profiles for DEGEE- and ethanol-manufactured LNPs.
CONCLUSIONS: DEGEE is a viable alternative to ethanol for mRNA-LNP manufacture, expanding the solvent options available for formulation development and scalable LNP production.
METHODS: LNPs composed of distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, a PEGylated lipid and one of four ionizable lipids (SM-102, ALC-0315, Dlin-MC3-DMA or C12-200) were prepared using ethanol or DEGEE. Physicochemical properties were characterized using dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, single-particle Raman analysis, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation. Gas chromatography confirmed solvent removal following purification. Membrane-disruptive activity was evaluated under physiological and endosomal-like pH conditions, and in vivo protein expression was used to assess functional mRNA delivery.
KEY FINDINGS: Across the four LNP formulations tested, DEGEE supported the production of LNPs with physicochemical and biological performance equivalent to ethanol-manufactured LNPs. Both solvents were effectively removed using standard purification workflows, and particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and pH-responsive membrane-disruptive activity were not affected by solvent substitution. In vivo studies further demonstrated comparable protein expression profiles for DEGEE- and ethanol-manufactured LNPs.
CONCLUSIONS: DEGEE is a viable alternative to ethanol for mRNA-LNP manufacture, expanding the solvent options available for formulation development and scalable LNP production.