Preoperative neuropsychological profiles in adult parietal glial and glioneuronal tumors: A retrospective descriptive study.

The parietal lobe is a highly interconnected cortical hub involved in language, sensory integration, visuospatial processing, and cognition. Although neurological and cognitive consequences of parietal tumors have previously been described, detailed preoperative neuropsychological profiles obtained using comprehensive assessment batteries remain incompletely documented. This study aimed to describe preoperative neuropsychological impairments in adults with parietal glial and glioneuronal tumors and to explore descriptive patterns according to hemispheric laterality and parietal subregion. A retrospective two-center study was conducted over a 20-year period. Adult patients with newly diagnosed parietal glial or glioneuronal tumors who underwent comprehensive preoperative neuropsychological evaluation within 15 days of tumor diagnosis were included. Tumor locations were classified according to their laterality and anatomical subregions: postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, and precuneus. Forty-six predominantly right-handed patients were included; WHO grade 2 oligodendroglioma was the most common subtype (45.6%). In descriptive analyses, right parietal tumors showed frequent abstraction deficits (60%), learning and recall impairment (43.5%), cognitive flexibility impairment (39.1%), and working memory impairment (39.1%). Left parietal tumors showed frequent cognitive flexibility impairment (63.6%), working memory impairment (52.2%), and mental inhibition impairment (40%). No hemispheric comparison reached statistical significance. At the subregional level, the left precuneus showed the highest number of cognitive domains exceeding the descriptive 33.3% threshold, whereas other regions showed more selective or inconsistent profiles. Preoperative neuropsychological impairments were frequently observed in adults with parietal glial and glioneuronal tumors, particularly in executive functions. Hemispheric and subregional observations were descriptive, and no hemispheric comparison reached statistical significance. These findings provide baseline descriptive data for the design of larger prospective studies incorporating standardized neuropsychological assessment, quantitative lesion mapping, and longitudinal follow-up.