Comparative Enzyme Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Selected Turkish Medicinal Plants With LC-MS/MS Profiling of Morus nigra Extract.

The enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of eight medicinal plants from Türkiye were investigated in vitro. Extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic cholesterol esterase, together with antioxidant properties using DPPH radical scavenging, metal chelation, and ferric-reducing power assays. Among the tested samples, Morus nigra extract exhibited the strongest α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 43.34 ± 1.76 µg/mL) and showed moderate activity against pancreatic lipase and α-amylase. LC-MS/MS analysis of the 80% ethanol extract of M. nigra led to the identification of 22 phenolic compounds, with quinic acid as the major compound, followed by isoquercitrin and chlorogenic acid. The observed bioactivities may be attributed to the combined effects of these phenolic compounds. These findings suggest that M. nigra may serve as a promising natural source of phenolic compounds with potential inhibitory activity against enzymes associated with metabolic disorders.