Conclusions and Perspectives on the Conservation of Microbial Genetic Resources.

Microbial genetic resources (MGRs) play a significant role in global ecological stability and in the development of modern biotechnology. In this context, in situ conservation strategies are essential to preserve the ecological interactions of the vast majority of non-culturable microorganisms, while ex situ conservation strategies ensure their availability in biobanks under controlled standards. This book compiles and systematizes the main strategies, methodological criteria, and experimental protocols aimed at the conservation of MGRs. In particular, effective methodologies for the conservation of isolated strains and complex microbiomes are presented, together with strategies for their functional characterization. Likewise, the reviews included current trends and the conceptual frameworks that support the conservation of microbial diversity. The integration of omics technologies, systems biology, and the digitization of biological information is emerging as a necessary tool for the development of new biotechnological solutions. Nevertheless, the consolidation of international collaboration networks, together with investment in specialized infrastructure, will be decisive in safeguarding microbial biocapital as a renewable resource of high scientific, ecological, and economic value.