Pseudoseizures.

Pseudoseizures are paroxysmal alterations in behavior that resemble seizures but are without any organic cause. They are recognized by various terms. Pseudoseizures are found in about one fourth of all patients seen with hysteria and 20% of those referred to epilepsy clinic. Pseudoseizures are often difficult to differentiate because there are client based or clinician based factors leading to misdiagnosis. Detailed history, observation, psychological testing and laboratory investigations are used for correct diagnosis. Pseudoseizures are not only to be differentiated from various forms of epilepsy but also from disorders like malingering, somatization disorder, hyperventilation, migraine, syncope etc. Management consists of making the patient and relatives aware about the causation and diagnosis. Psychotherapy (supportive and psycho-dynamic), behavior therapy (biofeedback, relaxation), drugs (anxiolytic and anti-depressants), hypnosis and placebo are used for treatment. The correct recognition is helpful in avoiding physical tests and the unnecessary use of antiepileptic drugs.