Factors Affecting Overall Survival in Premenopausal Women With Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: A Retrospective Analysis With Long-Term Follow-Up.

OBJECTIVE

Premenopausal women with uterine leiomyosarcoma experience different issues than menopausal women with this malignancy. This study evaluated the clinical profile and factors affecting survival outcomes in premenopausal women with uterine leiomyosarcoma.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma, diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2016. Data were collected from the Alberta Cancer Registry, which reflects all patients in the province. Thirty-eight patients were included in the study, of whom 21 were alive on the last date of review (31 December, 2019).

RESULTS

The median follow-up period was 86 months. Mean patient age was 44.6 ± 5.7 years. The 5-year survival rate was 34.2%; 45% of patients presented with stage I or II disease and 55%, with stage III or IV. There was no clinical suspicion of malignancy prior to surgery in about 60% of cases. Ovarian preservation was performed in about 34% of cases. Forty-five percent of patients had received chemotherapy and 26%, radiotherapy. Almost 90% had unspecified leiomyosarcoma. Univariate analysis of factors likely to affect overall survival showed that older age at diagnosis (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.05-1.34, P = 0.005), lymphovascular invasion (HR 9.81; 95% CI 2.88-33.51, P = 0.00), and no radiation therapy (HR 2.60; 95% CI 0.99-6.87, P = 0.05) were associated with worse overall survival. A multivariate analysis of these risk factors showed only lymphovascular invasion of the tumour to be a significant risk factor affecting overall survival. (HR 18.07; 95% CI 4.23-77.15, P =0.00).

CONCLUSION

Multivariate analysis showed lymphovascular invasion of tumour to be a significant risk factor affecting overall survival in premenopausal women with uterine leiomyosarcoma. Ovarian preservation, lymph node positivity, age, treatment strategy, hormone receptor status, and grade of tumour were not found out to be significant prognostic variables.