Evaluation of the effects of Mangiferin on human lymphocytes of healthy individuals and the balance of Th1 and Th2.

Mangiferin is a xanthone glycoside that can be found abundantly in different parts of plants, with fruits like figs containing significant amounts. This study aimed to examine the immunomodulatory effects of Mangiferin on helper T lymphocytes. They were exposed to different concentrations of Mangiferin (10, 30, and 100 μM) and dexamethasone (0.1 mM) in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The levels of cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were determined using biochemical techniques. In addition, the levels of messenger RNA for interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-10 were measured through real-time PCR. The values for IFN-γ/IL-4 (Th1/Th2), IFN-γ/IL-10 (Th1/Treg), and IL-4/IL-10 (Th2/Treg) ratios were calculated by dividing their respective values. In the PHA-stimulated group, there was a notable decrease in IFN-γ/IL-4 and GSH levels, while other factors showed a significant increase compared to the control. Mangiferin significantly reduced cell proliferation, MDA/GSH ratio, MDA, and NO production. Additionally, Mangiferin demonstrated a concentration-dependent decrease in IFN-γ and IL-4 levels and an increase in IL-10 levels compared to the PHA group. The two higher concentrations of Mangiferin notably decreased the IFN-γ, IFN-γ/IL-10, and IL-4/IL-10 ratio values. Mangiferin exhibits more specific anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities compared to dexamethasone.