Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia · 2026
Sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine and butorphanol, with or without vatinoxan, in puppies - randomised, blinded clinical trial.
СтатьяRandomized Controlled Trial, VeterinaryНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Pekkola Vuokko I E, Lepajõe Jaan, Kiviranta Anna-Mariam, Salla Kati M, Raekallio Marja R, Kallio-Kujala Ira J
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To explore efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine and butorphanol, with or without vatinoxan, in healthy puppies.
STUDY DESIGN: Randomised, blinded clinical trial.
ANIMALS: A group of healthy client-owned puppies aged between 42 and 51 days scheduled for elective brainstem auditory-evoked response (BAER) testing.
METHODS: Puppies were randomised within each litter to the following two groups: MB (n = 16; medetomidine hydrochloride 10 μg kg-1 and butorphanol 0.2 mg kg-1) or MVB (n = 16; medetomidine hydrochloride 10 μg kg-1, vatinoxan hydrochloride 0.2 mg kg-1, and butorphanol 0.2 mg kg-1). Drugs were injected intramuscularly. Pulse rate (PR), arterial blood haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured noninvasively every 5 minutes. Sedation depth was assessed with a multidimensional scoring system. Following BAER testing, sedation was reversed with intramuscular atipamezole hydrochloride 25 μg kg-1. Linear mixed models were created to investigate the effects of time and treatment group on PR and MAP.
RESULTS: All puppies were sufficiently sedated for BAER testing within 5 minutes after treatment. PR was significantly higher and MAP significantly lower with MVB than with MB 5 to 15 minutes after drug injection (p ≤ 0.001). PR nadir was detected at 5 minutes after both treatments (109 ± 15 beats minute-1 and 142 ± 28 beats minute-1 with MB and MVB, respectively). No hypotension (MAP < 60 mmHg) was detected in any animal. The most common complication during sedation was hypoxaemia (SpO2 < 95%), observed in 18/32 puppies when breathing room air. Hypoxaemia resolved with supplemental oxygen. Recoveries from sedation were uneventful.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Medetomidine-butorphanol is an effective combination for sedation of puppies. Adding vatinoxan maintains higher PR. Provision of supplemental oxygen during sedation is recommended.
STUDY DESIGN: Randomised, blinded clinical trial.
ANIMALS: A group of healthy client-owned puppies aged between 42 and 51 days scheduled for elective brainstem auditory-evoked response (BAER) testing.
METHODS: Puppies were randomised within each litter to the following two groups: MB (n = 16; medetomidine hydrochloride 10 μg kg-1 and butorphanol 0.2 mg kg-1) or MVB (n = 16; medetomidine hydrochloride 10 μg kg-1, vatinoxan hydrochloride 0.2 mg kg-1, and butorphanol 0.2 mg kg-1). Drugs were injected intramuscularly. Pulse rate (PR), arterial blood haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured noninvasively every 5 minutes. Sedation depth was assessed with a multidimensional scoring system. Following BAER testing, sedation was reversed with intramuscular atipamezole hydrochloride 25 μg kg-1. Linear mixed models were created to investigate the effects of time and treatment group on PR and MAP.
RESULTS: All puppies were sufficiently sedated for BAER testing within 5 minutes after treatment. PR was significantly higher and MAP significantly lower with MVB than with MB 5 to 15 minutes after drug injection (p ≤ 0.001). PR nadir was detected at 5 minutes after both treatments (109 ± 15 beats minute-1 and 142 ± 28 beats minute-1 with MB and MVB, respectively). No hypotension (MAP < 60 mmHg) was detected in any animal. The most common complication during sedation was hypoxaemia (SpO2 < 95%), observed in 18/32 puppies when breathing room air. Hypoxaemia resolved with supplemental oxygen. Recoveries from sedation were uneventful.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Medetomidine-butorphanol is an effective combination for sedation of puppies. Adding vatinoxan maintains higher PR. Provision of supplemental oxygen during sedation is recommended.