[Analysis of the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory infection in Henan Province from 2024 to 2025].

This study aimed to analyze the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Henan Province and provide evidence for targeted regional prevention and control strategies. Using the provincial multi-pathogen surveillance system for ARI, respiratory samples were collected from influenza-like illness cases at 18 sentinel hospitals between April 2024 and March 2025. Eleven respiratory pathogens were detected using multiplex PCR, including influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, human coronavirus, human bocavirus, rhinovirus, enterovirus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Descriptive analysis was conducted to examine demographic, seasonal, and regional distribution patterns. Among 11 794 samples tested, the overall positivity rate was 55.05% (6 493/11 794), with 12.77% (829/6 493) showing co-infections. Influenza virus (19.83%), HRV (9.08%), and hMPV (7.07%) were predominant. Age-specific patterns emerged: RSV, PIV, HCoV, hMPV, HBoV, HRV, and EV were more prevalent in children under five years. M. pneumoniae was most common in 5-14 years old. Seasonal trends showed that influenza virus and hMPV peaked in winter, SARS-CoV-2 and EV in summer, RSV in spring, PIV in spring/summer, HRV in spring/autumn, and M. pneumoniae in summer/autumn. Regional variations revealed higher detection rates for influenza virus in southern Henan, HRV in western Henan. Co-infection patterns differed significantly: SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus mainly occurred as single infections, while HBoV and EV showed notable co-infection trends. In conclusion, ARI in Henan demonstrate multi-pathogen co-circulation, with influenza virus, HRV, and hMPV being predominant. Children under five years require prioritized intervention. Sustained multi-pathogen surveillance is essential for effective control.