Sleep Pharmacology: Medications Affecting Sleep and Medications to Facilitate Sleep.

Both therapeutic and nontherapeutic medications have a profound influence on sleep architecture, a vital component of overall health. Optimizing patient outcomes requires a clear understanding of how commonly prescribed drug classes affect the quality, duration, and structure of sleep. Clinicians should carefully consider these pharmacologic effects when selecting or modifying treatment regimens, particularly in patients with comorbidities or underlying sleep disorders. The widespread use of herbal and over-the-counter preparations further underscores the importance of comprehensive medication reviews and patient education. A thorough understanding of drug sleep interactions enables clinicians to deliver more informed, individualized, and safer patient care.