[Noninfectious uveitis in childhood : Clinical aspects, diagnostics, treatment and transition].

Intraocular inflammation in childhood represents a major clinical challenge as if untreated the disease can lead to severe complications and permanent vision loss. The onset is often paucisymptomatic, resulting in delayed detection and consequently a high risk of amblyopia. Pediatric uveitis is classified into idiopathic and associated forms. In juvenile idiopathic arthritis, it is considered an extra-articular manifestation. Among the most common systemic associations are sarcoidosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome, Behçet's disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Less frequent, although always to be excluded, is an infectious etiology. As in adults, anterior uveitis is the predominant form in children, followed by intermediate, posterior and panuveitis. Depending on the predominant site of inflammation, key clinical findings and ancillary testing, a differential diagnostic work-up is required to initiate an individualized treatment strategy.