[[Hypochromic microcytic Anemias: Guideline for diagnosis].

Hypochromic microcytic anemias are the most frequent anemias in pediatric patients. The majority of cases are secondary to iron deficiency, but hemoglobin disorders, mainly thalassemia minor, must always be taken into consideration in Argentina. Hereditary disorders of iron metabolism, in spite of their very low prevalence, have to be borne in mind too. This guide establishes criteria for the differential diagnosis between these anemias, with a double aim: a) to facilitate starting treatment as soon as possible; and b) to give adequate genetic counseling regarding hereditary diseases