Pediatric Vaccination and Pandemic Preparedness in Humanitarian Settings.

Disease outbreaks are increasing in frequency and complexity, disproportionately affecting children in humanitarian settings. Large numbers of zero-dose children live in conflict-affected contexts, heightening vulnerability to vaccine-preventable and emerging viral diseases. Effective pediatric vaccination and pandemic preparedness require integrated, context-adapted strategies encompassing community engagement, infodemic management, resilient delivery systems, service integration, and reliable surveillance. Innovations such as mobile teams, novel financing, and improved data coordination offer promise but require stronger evidence. Lessons from coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) underscore persistent inequities and the need for ethical, data-driven, and One Health-informed approaches to protect children's right to health and strengthen global health security.