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B-cell peptide epitopes as diagnostic targets for Q fever in sheep.

INTRODUCTION: Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, is a zoonotic disease of global relevance with domestic ruminants as the main reservoirs. Serological diagnosis, especially enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), often suffers from limited sensitivity and specificity due to antigenic variability and cross-reactivity. SCIENTIFIC GOAL: In this study, a combined proteomic and literature research approach was used to identify immunoreactive proteins and predict linear B-cell epitopes as alternative diagnostic targets. METHODS: Total protein extracts of a C. burnetii field isolate from shee…

Genetic variants in the IFNGR2 locus associated with severe chronic Q fever.

Q fever is a highly contagious zoonosis capable of causing large outbreaks of important health and economic consequences. Host genetic factors are believed to influence the development of severe chronic Q fever following the infection by the etiological agent, Coxiella burnetii. Targetted next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in a case-control genetic association study on 53 confirmed Q fever cases, including 38 compatible with acute and 15 with chronic disease, and 29 samples from the general Portuguese population. Four SNPs in the IFNGR2 locus, rs78407108 G > A, rs17879956 C > T, rs…

Macular Rash as a Presenting Symptom of Acute Q Fever: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Q fever is a globally distributed zoonotic infection caused by Coxiella burnetii, exhibiting a broad clinical spectrum in both acute and chronic forms. While pneumonia, hepatitis, and endocarditis are well-recognized manifestations, cutaneous involvement remains poorly characterized and likely underreported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 63-year-old male metalworker was admitted with a 2-week history of high-grade fever, dyspnea, anorexia, intractable hiccups, and profound asthenia. Physical examination revealed a diffuse, nonpruritic, blanchable macular rash on the back and sacral region.…

Overview of the Q fever vaccine development: current status and future prospects.

Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is responsible for a globally significant zoonotic disease, characterized by flu-like symptoms. The primary reservoirs of C. burnetii are ruminant livestock, particularly goats, sheep, and cattle, which shed the bacterium through birth products, such as the placenta, amniotic fluid, and other secretions. Human infections typically occur via the inhalation of contaminated aerosols during direct or indirect contact with infected animals or their birthing materials. Consequently, individuals living in or working near livestock environments are at…

Q fever infection is a preventable risk associated with pet food manufacturing.

OBJECTIVE: This paper highlights the occupational risk of Q fever from exposure to raw animal products in the context of multiple notified Q fever cases from 2020 to 2023 linked to four pet food manufacturing facilities in South-East Queensland, Australia. METHODS: The Queensland Government Notifiable Conditions System was used to identify Q fever cases linked to pet food manufacturing in the Metro North and Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service areas of Brisbane, Australia. Data on each case from routine public health follow-up were collected and descriptively analysed. RESULTS: Between 20…

Q Fever, an Under-Recognized and Under-Diagnosed Disease: A Case Report.

Q fever is an illness following infection by the organism Coxiella burnetii. It is usually associated with an asymptomatic infection in animals which lends a hand in how it is easily transmitted to other hosts such as humans who encounter the bodily fluids of infected animals. Its presentation reflects an acute viral illness with malaise, fever/chills, and vomiting seen in acute cases while endocarditis and other severe sequelae can be seen in chronic infections. Here we have a 55-year-old male who presented for further evaluation of his muscular pains following a motor vehicle accident. His p…

Q Fever Endocarditis: A Review of Local and all Reported Cases in the Literature.

BACKGROUND: Q fever endocarditis by Coxiella burnetii is rare and presents a diagnostic challenge. With limited data available, the aim of this study was to review all reported cases together with unpublished local cases to understand risk factor profiles, diagnostic methods, clinical features, treatments and outcomes. METHODS: A search of the PubMed database using the term 'Q fever endocarditis' identified cases between 1950-2019. Included cases had positive polymerase chain reaction testing, valve culture or serology. Separately, to identify local cases meeting our criteria we queried the W…

A sporadic case of acute Q fever and identification of the animal source of the infection.

Q fever is a zoonosis. Humans are infected through the inhalation of Coxiella burnetii particles that are dispersed into the air from the birth products or faeces of ruminants. Major outbreaks can occur in association with farming activities. C. burnetii can be disseminated by wind up to several tens of kilometres and infect humans far from its zoonotic source. As a result, the sources of sporadic cases are rarely identified. We report a sporadic case of acute Q fever in a French farmer returning from a cruise in the Caribbean. Careful examination found that the infection was not associated wi…

Seroprevalence of Q fever in cattle, sheep and goats in the Volta region of Ghana.

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a causative agent of abortion in livestock and febrile illness in humans. Outbreaks of human cases of Q fever have been reported in Australia and the Netherlands, which was linked to abortions in goat and sheep farms. In Ghana, information on Q fever in both livestock and humans is scanty. This study sought to determine the seroprevalence of Q fever in livestock in the Tongu area of the Volta region of Ghana. It was a cross sectional study with blood sampled from 204 cattle, 158 sheep and 100 goats. An indirect ELISA test was performed…

Q Fever and Kingella kingae Endocarditis in a Toddler: A Rare Coinfection Case.

A toddler after tetralogy of Fallot graft repair in infancy was diagnosed with endocarditis. Blood cultures were positive for Kingella kingae and serology was positive Coxiella burnetii. He was treated medically and surgically. A postoperative specimen polymerase chain reaction confirmed a coinfection. A comprehensive patient history was imperative for identification of an unlikely infection at this age.

Seroprevalence of Q Fever in Sheep and Goats from the Marmara Region, Turkey.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate Q fever seroprevalence in sheep and goats in the Marmara region. Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. In ruminants, the disease causes reproductive disorders, premature births and stillbirths. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood samples of sheep and goats were collected from the Marmara region of Turkey and a commercial ELISA was used for detection of specific antibodies to C. burnetii. A total of 832 samples (627 from sheep and 205 from goats) obtained from 126 herds located in 110 villages in 63 municipalities across all 1…

Q Fever Endocarditis in a Saudi Child: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Q fever is a zoonotic disease that is caused by Coxiella burnetii, a gram-negative coccobacillary bacterium. Human infection primarily occurs following the inhalation of aerosols containing C. burnetii. The infection can either present in an acute or chronic form. The three main presentations are flu-like syndrome, atypical pneumonia, and hepatitis. Chronic Q fever mainly affects the heart where the disease manifests as endocarditis. In this case report, the patient was born at term with congenital heart defects, namely double outlet right ventricle (DORV), ventricular septal defects (VSD), an…

Лечение хронической лихорадки Q: клиническая эффективность и токсичность антибиотических режимов.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Данные об эффективности первой линии лечения хронической лихорадки Q, тетрациклина (ТЕТ) и гидроксихлоркина (ГХК), а также потенциальных альтернатив являются недостаточными. МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели ретроспективное когортное исследование для оценки эффективности лечения с помощью TET плюс quinolines (QNL), TET плюс QNL плюс HCQ, QNL монотерапии или TET монотерапии по сравнению с TET плюс HCQ у хронических пациентов с лихорадкой Q. Для оценки наших первичных (всепричинной смертности) и вторичных результатов (первые случаи, связанные с заболеваниями и терапия, мы использовали мо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Evidence on the effectiveness of first-line treatment for chronic Q fever, tetracyclines (TET) plus hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and potential alternatives is scarce. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study to assess efficacy of treatment with TET plus quinolones (QNL), TET plus QNL plus HCQ, QNL monotherapy, or TET monoth…

Should Acute Q-Fever Patients be Screened for Valvulopathy to Prevent Endocarditis?

BACKGROUND: Echocardiographic screening of acute Q-fever patients and antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with cardiac valvulopathy is considered an important approach to prevent chronic Q-fever-related endocarditis. During a large Q-fever epidemic in the Netherlands, routine screening echocardiography was discontinued, raising controversy in the international literature. We followed a cohort of acute Q-fever patients to estimate the risk for developing chronic Q-fever, and we evaluated the impact of screening in patients who were not yet known to have a valvulopathy. METHODS: The study popul

Retrospective Examination of Q Fever Endocarditis: An Underdiagnosed Disease in the Mainland of China.

BACKGROUND: Q fever endocarditis, a chronic illness caused by Coxiella burnetii, can be fatal if misdiagnosed or left untreated. Despite a relatively high positive rate of Q fever serology in healthy individuals in the mainland of China, very few cases of Q fever endocarditis have been reported. This study summarized cases of Q fever endocarditis among blood culture negative endocarditis (BCNE) patients and discussed factors attributing to the low diagnostic rate. METHODS: We identified confirmed cases of Q fever endocarditis among 637 consecutive patients with infective endocarditis (IE) in …

Q fever is an old and neglected zoonotic disease in Kenya: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Q fever is a neglected zoonosis caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. The knowledge of the epidemiology of Q fever in Kenya is limited with no attention to control and prevention programs. The purpose of this review is to understand the situation of Q fever in human and animal populations in Kenya in the past 60 years, and help identify future research priorities for the country. METHODS: Databases were searched for national and international scientific studies or reports on Q fever. We included studies and reports published between 1950 and 2015 if they reported on Q fever p…

Isolation of Coxiella burnetii from serum of patients with acute Q fever.

Worldwide there are few isolate collections of the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, due to the difficulties associated with working with the organism and the scarcity of suitable samples from which to attempt isolation. Particularly lacking are isolates from acute Q fever patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the serum samples taken from patients with confirmed acute Q fever during the early stage of their disease represented a potential source of viable C. burnetii. Isolation was attempted from 65 of these samples by inoculation of the serum into Vero cell culture …

Prevalence and risk factor of Q fever among veterinary students in Iran.

Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution. This study is aimed to determine seroprevalence of Q fever and to identify the correlation between 8 risk factors for Q fever among students at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in the study in Iran. In the present study, 121 blood samples (serum) were taken from students and tested using indirect diagnostic ELISA kit. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and 95% confidence interval, Chi-square statistical test, and logistic regression. Results showed that 34.7% were positive from all the serum sampl…

Seroepidemiology of Q fever in one-humped camel population in northeast Iran.

Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of important zoonotic Q fever. It is the etiological agent of coxiellosis or Q fever in animals and human. This seroepidemiological survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of coxiellosis in increasingly camel raised population in vast area of Khorasan (North, South, and Razavi) provinces, northeast Iran. Using cluster random sampling strategy, 167 camels in 11 counties were selected as serum samples. Sera were assayed for antibody against C. burnetii using a Q fever ELISA kit. Logistic regression model …

Large vessel vasculitis in a patient with acute Q-fever: A case report.

Q fever is a zoonosis caused by the rickettsial organism Coxiella burnetii. Infection has an acute course, usually with a self-limited febrile illness and the possibility of the evaluation to a chronic course with endocardial involvement. The presence of autoantibodies and various autoimmune disorders have also been associated with C. burnetii infection. We report a case of acute Q fever in which the patient developed large vessel vasculitis. The FDG-PET/CT scan detected inflammation of the thoracic aortic wall, suggesting an unusual immunologic host response to acute Q fever infection.