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Mechanisms of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effects of habituation and expectancy violation on short-term outcome in cognitive behavioral therapy.

BACKGROUND: Exposure and response prevention is effective and recommended as the first choice for treating obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). Its mechanisms of action are rarely studied, but two major theories make distinct assumptions: while the emotional processing theory assumes that treatment effects are associated with habituation within and between exposure sessions, the inhibitory learning approach highlights the acquisition of additional associations, implying alternative mechanisms like expectancy violation. The present study aimed to investigate whether process variables derived f

Agreement in patient-therapist alliance ratings and its relation to dropout and outcome in a large sample of cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder.

Objective: The therapeutic alliance is related to treatment outcome but less is known about the agreement on alliance between patients and therapists and its relationship to outcomes. We examined the association of patient-therapist congruence of alliance perceptions, early and late in cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder in relation to symptom reduction and dropout. Method: Patients (n = 181) and their therapists provided alliance ratings early and late during 11-session treatment. Independent evaluators rated patients' symptomatic levels post-treatment. Polynomial regression and r…

Experiences when implementing enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy as a standard treatment for anorexia nervosa in outpatients at a public specialized eating-disorder treatment unit.

BACKGROUND: Enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-E) is a promising treatment option for outpatients with anorexia nervosa (AN). We aimed to determine the effectiveness of CBT-E as a standard treatment for adult outpatients with AN from the specialized eating-disorder unit of a public hospital with responsibilities to their catchment area. METHODS: This study had an open, longitudinal design. Thirty three (of planned 100) outpatients aged > 16 years suffering from AN were included to receive 40 sessions of CBT-E. Eating-disorder psychopathology and body mass index (BMI) were assessed bef…

Efficacy of a digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in people with low back pain: a feasibility randomized co-twin and singleton-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) in people with low back pain (LBP) may be efficacious in improving both sleep and pain; and twin trial designs provide greater precision of treatment effects by accounting for genetic and early environmental factors. We aimed to determine the feasibility of a trial investigating the efficacy of a digital CBT-i program in people with comorbid symptoms of insomnia and LBP, in twins and people from the general community (singletons). METHODS: Thirty-two twins (16 pairs) and 66 singletons with comorbid symptoms of insomnia and …

Transcranial Laser Therapy Does Not Improve Cognitive and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Related Behavioral Traits in Rats Exposed to Repetitive Low-Level Blast Injury.

Many military veterans who experienced blast-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan suffer from chronic cognitive and mental health problems, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Transcranial laser therapy (TLT) uses low-power lasers emitting light in the far- to near-infrared ranges. Beneficial effects of TLT have been reported in neurological and mental-health-related disorders in humans and animal models, including TBI. Rats exposed to repetitive low-level blast develop chronic cognitive and PTSD-related behavioral traits. We tested whet

Nocebo-Hypothesis Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (NH-CBT) for Persons With Functional Neurological Symptoms (Motor Type): Design and Implementation of a Randomized Active-Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Functional Neurological Symptom Disorders (FNSD) are associated with high levels of disability and immense direct and indirect health costs. An innovative interdisciplinary rehabilitation approach for individuals with functional neurological symptoms of motor type-Nocebo-Hypothesis Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (NH-CBT)-combines CBT and movement retraining with video feedback embedded in a comprehensive explanatory model of the etiology of FNSD. Methods: This protocol describes the development and implementation of a phase II, parallel group, randomized controlled trial with blind…

The predictive capacity of DSM-5 symptom severity and impulsivity on response to cognitive-behavioral therapy for gambling disorder: A 2-year longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: DSM-5 proposed a new operational system by using the number of fulfilled criteria as an indicator of gambling disorder severity. This method has proven to be controversial among researchers and clinicians alike, due to the lack of studies indicating whether severity, as measured by these criteria, is clinically relevant in terms of treatment outcome. Additionally, numerous studies have highlighted the associations between gambling disorder and impulsivity, though few have examined the impact of impulsivity on long-term treatment outcomes. METHODS: In this study, we aimed to assess

A case report demonstrating the efficacy of a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral therapy approach for treating anxiety, depression, and problematic eating in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Despite elevated prevalence of anxiety and depression among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), there is a dearth of evidence-based psychotherapies to treat mood-related symptoms among this population. This case report describes the efficacy of The PCOS Workbook in treating symptoms of anxiety, depression, and problematic eating in a 19-year-old female previously diagnosed with PCOS. Using the cognitive-behavioral framework presented in the workbook, the participant experienced a significant reduction in symptoms of anxiety, depression, problematic eating, and general psychosocial d

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Sertraline in Patients With Depression and Poorly Controlled Diabetes: The Diabetes and Depression (DAD) Study: A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the long-term efficacy of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBT) with sertraline in patients with diabetes and depression who initially responded to short-term depression treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A randomized controlled single-blind trial was conducted in 70 secondary care centers across Germany comparing 12 weeks of CBT with sertraline in 251 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes (mean HbA1c 9.3%, 78 mmol/mol) and major depression (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV [SCID]). After 12 weeks, treatment responders (≥50% redu

A Scoping Review of Preferences of Men Who Experienced Sexual Assault: Implications for Adaptation of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapies.

About 1 in 10 men experiences sexual assault, resulting in various difficulties most frequently associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. However, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapies (TF-CBT) seem less effective for men who experienced sexual assault compared to women. Efficacy of TF-CBT could be improved by adapting interventions according to the empirical data detailing men's preferences regarding psychological services. This scoping review aimed to document preferences of men who experienced sexual assault regarding psychological services, and to explore barriers and motivat

Механизмы действий по комбинированному мотивированию опроса - терапия поведения для восстановления неприязни к лекарствам у пациентов с множественным склерозом.

ЦЕЛЬ: Несмотря на изменение методов лечения заболеваний (DMT) продемонстрировала эффективность лечения повторной диспансеризации, около 40% пациентов прекратили использование. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы понять механизм действий по проведению опроса с целью мотивации плюс когнитивная поведенческая терапия (MI-CBT) в ходе ранее проведенного выборочного контролируемого испытания, в ходе которого вмешательство MI-CBT успешно способствовало повторному инициированию участниками DMT по сравнению с обычным состоянием лечения (TAU).МЕТОДЫ: В рамках этого вторичного анализа (N = 91) б

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: Despite disease modifying therapies' (DMT) demonstrated efficacy for treating relapsing MS, around 40% of patients discontinue use. This study aimed to understand the mechanism of action of Motivational Interviewing plus cognitive behavioral therapy (MI-CBT) in a previously conducted randomized controlled trial in which the MI-CBT intervention suc…

Cognitive Behavior Therapy by Nurses in Reducing Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Children as Victims of Violence: A Scoping Review.

Violence against children can cause psychological problems such as post-traumatic syndrome disorder (PTSD). The negative impact of violence … literature review in this study were CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus. The keywords used in English were "cognitive behavioral therapy OR CBT" AND "violence OR abuse" AND "post-traumatic stress disorder OR PTSD" AND "child OR children". The inclusion criteria were full text, randomized control trial or quasi-experimental research design, English language, the sample was children, a …

Comparing Effectiveness Between a Mobile App Program and Traditional Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Evaluation Study.

BACKGROUND: This study proposes a digital program for the treatment of mental illness that could increase motivation and improve learning outcomes for patients. Several studies have already applied this method by using an exposure and response prevention-inspired serious game to treat patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that a mobile cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) program would be as effective in treating OCD as traditional offline CBT. In addition, the treatment efficacy in response to mobile CBT for OCD might be associated with increased brain act

Adapted cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder: A clinical effectiveness study.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder commonly co-occur. Adapted cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults with autism spectrum disorder has not previously been evaluated outside the United Kingdom. In this study, 19 adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder were treated using an adapted cognitive behavior therapy protocol that consisted of 20 sessions focused on exposure with response prevention. The primary outcome was the clinician-rated Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Participants were assessed up to 3 mo

A disorder-specific group cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder in adolescents: study protocol for a randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common disorder in adolescence associated with extensive distress and long-term impairment. Generic cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) programs for anxiety disorders have shown poorer outcomes for adolescents with SAD than for other anxiety disorders. AIM: The aim of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of a disorder-specific group cognitive behavior therapy (G-CBT) program for youth SAD, the Cool Kids Anxiety Program - Social Enhanced (CK-E), developed at Macquarie University, Sidney, Australia. METHODS: The study is a randomized cont

Differences in baseline and process variables between non-responders and responders in Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for chronic tinnitus.

Although Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (iCBT) is an effective treatment for chronic tinnitus, several patients do not improve. In the current study, baseline and process variables were compared between non-responders and responders. Data from patients participating in two randomized controlled trials on iCBT for chronic tinnitus were re-analyzed. Based on the literature, a pre-post difference on the "Tinnitus Handicap Inventory" (THI) of less than seven points improvement was used to operationalize non-response. Associations between non-response and baseline variables (age, gender,

Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Treat Sleep Disturbance and Fatigue After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of adapted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for sleep disturbance and fatigue in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Parallel 2-group randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient therapy. PARTICIPANTS: Adults (N=24) with history of TBI and clinically significant sleep and/or fatigue complaints were randomly allocated to an 8-session adapted CBT intervention or a treatment as usual (TAU) condition. INTERVENTIONS: Cognitive behavior therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) p…

Cognitive behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder delivered by lay and expert providers has lasting benefits.

OBJECTIVE: Peaceful Living, a cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for late-life generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), produced positive outcomes in GAD severity, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and mental health quality of life relative to usual care with treatment delivered by either bachelor-level lay providers (BLPs) or PhD-level expert providers (PLPs). We examined long-term maintenance of gains during 12 months following CBT for patients in this trial who received the intervention delivered by BLPs and PLPs and completed post-treatment assessments. METHODS: Participants were 112 older adul

Relative effects of cognitive and behavioral therapies on generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder and panic disorder: A meta-analysis.

Although cognitive and behavioral therapies are effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders, it is not clear what the relative effects of these treatments are. We conducted a meta-analysis of trials comparing cognitive and behavioral therapies with a control condition, in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder. We included 42 studies in which generic measures of anxiety were used (BAI, HAMA, STAI-State and Trait). Only the effects of treatment for panic disorder as measured on the BAI (13.33 points; 95% CI: 10.58-16.07) were signi