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Uncovering variations in drowning mortality in Fiji between Indigenous iTaukei and Fijians of Indian descent during 2016-2022: a national retrospective population-based study.

BACKGROUND: The prevention of drowning, a leading cause of injury-related mortality and morbidity, benefits from epidemiological identification of at-risk demographics and incident factors. Empirical data are vital for this purpose, yet no studies have utilised such data in Fiji in the past decade. METHODS: Using unit record mortality data from Fiji's Ministry of Health and Medical Services (medical certificates of cause of death) and the Fiji Police Force (forensic pathology autopsy reports), a national retrospective population-based analysis of unintentional drowning in Fiji during the peri…

The safety and efficacy of a single dose of oral azithromycin given in labour to prevent skin and soft tissue infections in young infants in Fiji: a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic azithromycin in pregnancy has been shown to lower infections in birthing parents and newborns, particularly skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) which are common in Fiji. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of 2 g of oral azithromycin administered during labour on infant SSTIs. METHODS: This blinded, randomised placebo-control trial included healthy, pregnant adults and their infants presenting for delivery at a tertiary hospital in Suva, Fiji. Participants in labour were randomly assigned a single dose of 2 g of oral azithromycin or placebo in a 1:1 rati…

Prevalence of syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia in women in Fiji, the Federated States of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea and Samoa, 1995-2017: Spectrum-STI 
model estimates.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence levels of and time trends for active syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia in women aged 15-49 years in four countries in the Pacific (Fiji, the Federated States of Micronesia [FSM], Papua New Guinea [PNG] and Samoa) to inform surveillance and control strategies for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). METHODS: The Spectrum-STI model was fitted to data from prevalence surveys and screenings of adult female populations collected during 1995-2017 and adjusted for diagnostic test performance and to account for undersampled high-risk populations. For chlamydia an…

Predictive Performance of Sepsis Scoring Tools for In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients With Suspected Sepsis Presenting to the Colonial War Memorial Hospital Emergency Department, Fiji.

OBJECTIVE: Fiji has a high morbidity and mortality sepsis burden, but little is known about the utility of prognostic tools for septic patients presenting to hospital in the limited-resource Fijian context. This study aims to compare the ability of the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and national early warning score (NEWS) at predicting in-hospital mortality. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted over 3 months in 2024 at a single Fijian tertiary hospital. Data was collected using an online tool from patients …

Экономический анализ вакцинации от свинки на Фиджи: статичная модель имитации прививки от кори-мупс-рубеллы (MMR) вместо прививки от текущей кори-рубеллы (MR).

Свинки остаются эндемичными на Фиджи, и в период с 2016 по 2018 год было зарегистрировано 7802 случая. Введение прививок от свинки не поощряется из-за того, что свинки воспринимаются как самоограниченное заболевание, а также из-за высокой стоимости вакцин от свинки. Мы оценили выгоды и затраты, связанные с осуществлением программы вакцинации от свинки на Фиджи. Во-первых, мы оценили бремя свинки и связанных с свинкой осложнений на Фиджи на основе сообщений о случаях, имевших место в Национальной системе наблюдения за поддающимися уведомлению заболеваниями Фиджи в период с 2016 по 2018 год. Зат

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Mumps remains endemic in Fiji, with 7802 cases reported between 2016 and 2018. The introduction of mumps vaccination has been discouraged due to perceptions of mumps as a self-limited disease and the perceived high cost of mumps vaccines. We estimated the benefits and costs of introducing a mumps vaccination program in Fiji. First, we estimated the burden of…

The UNICEF/Washington Group Child Functioning Module-Accuracy, Inter-Rater Reliability and Cut-Off Level for Disability Disaggregation of Fiji's Education Management Information System.

This paper explores the validity (sensitivity and specificity) of different cut-off levels of the UNICEF/Washington Group Child Functioning Module (CFM) and the inter-rater reliability between teachers and parents as proxy respondents, for disaggregating Fiji's education management information system (EMIS) by disability. The method used was a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study comparing CFM items to standard clinical assessments for 472 primary school aged students in Fiji. Whilst previous domain-specific results showed "good" to "excellent" accuracy of the CFM domains seeing, hearing,…

Understanding the relationship between the public sector healthcare workers and NGO-based HIV counsellors while providing HIV counselling and testing services to pregnant women: A Qualitative Study in Suva, Fiji.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counselling and testing plays a significant role in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV … testing services to pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in one of the main hospitals in Suva, Fiji. Data were collected via individual, in-depth, interviews held in a single hospital and an associated reproductive health centre in Suva in April-May 2013. A total of 15 healthcare providers including doctors (n = 4), midwives (n = 5), nurses (n = 4 …

"I think taking herbal medicine first can help prevent. If it doesn't work, then can take start taking the medication given by the doctors." Patients' perceptions towards hypertension in Fiji.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension remains a public health challenge worldwide however, the prevention, detection, treatment and management of this co … the study is to explore the perceptions of patients on prevention and diagnosis of hypertension in Fiji. METHODS: The study used a qualitative method approach. The study was conducted at the four purposively selected health centers in the Lautoka/ Yasawa medical subdivision. A purposive sampling was used which included all the patients who attended t …

The history of brucellosis in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories and its re-emergence.

There are few publications on brucellosis within the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs). The reason is possibly because the cattle population has been reportedly free of the disease for many years until a re-emergence occurred in the Fiji Islands (Viti Levu) in 2009. This paper reports on the outbreak of brucellosis in Fiji and its progression between 2009 and 2013 in the context of an overview of brucellosis in the Pacific Island community. Review of the literature found only 28 articles with the oldest record of brucellosis being in 1965 in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and from human…

The adverse effects of kava.

In Fiji, kava is also known as yaqona or grog. A convenient sample of 300 kava drinkers in Nadi, Lautoka, Ba and Sigatoka were studied to see whether local people in Fiji experienced side effects of kava use. Because males usually consume kava in Fiji, we approached specific groups of people and asked them to participate in the survey. To evaluate the side effects of kava consumption, we interviewed housewives of male kava drinkers regarding specific effects of kava. We interviewed these housewives during kava drinking sessions since they were usually not taking part in the kava drinking. We a…

Observations of Pediatric Disease Prevalence from Pacific Partnership 2015.

Pacific Partnership is an ongoing yearly humanitarian assistance mission to Pacific Rim countries. Although many case reports and surgical s … ftware looking for disease frequency. One thousand eighty-seven pediatric patients were seen across Fiji, Papua New Guinea (PNG), and the Philippines (PI). Asthma was the first, second, and third most prevalent diagnosis in PNG, Fiji, and PI, with a relative proportion of the total patients seen at 5.4%, 7.2%, and 5%, respectively. In PI, 123 cases of …

Illuminating the Intricacies: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Sonographic Evaluation of Degenerative Changes in Leiomyomas Through Post-Processing Technique.

Background: Leiomyomas are benign tumors that may cause symptoms and affect fertility, requiring careful assessment. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) becomes crucial when ultrasonography results are inconclusive; however, it is expensive and time-consuming. Utilizing post-processing techniques could enhance the ultrasound results. Using ultrasound with Fiji (ImageJ) enables precise evaluation of leiomyoma degeneration and may reduce the need for MRI. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a post-processing technique using Fiji (ImageJ) to detect degenerative changes in leiomyoma…

Ciguatera poisoning and confirmation of ciguatoxins in fish imported into New Zealand.

Ciguatera poisoning has caused illnesses in New Zealand through the consumption of contaminated reef fish imported from Pacific Islands. In May 2020 five people became ill and one was hospitalised following the consumption of Fiji Kawakawa (camouflage grouper; Epinephelus polyphekadion). The fish was purchased in New Zealand but imported from Fiji. The meal remnants were analysed for ciguatoxins, the causative compounds of ciguatera poisoning, and showed the presence of the three main toxic fish metabolites. Other fish tested from the same shipment did not contain detectable levels of ciguatox…

Quantification of compensatory motor neuron sprouting at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction.

UNLABELLED: Following nervous system injury, surviving bystander neurons may rewire and form synapses with new postsynaptic targets to restore circuit function. This protocol quantifies compensatory motor neuron sprouting at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction. We describe larval dissection, immunostaining, Airyscan imaging, image masking, muscle-specific region-of-interest selection, and Fiji-based quantification of Dlg-positive area, bouton number, mean Dlg-positive area per bouton, NMJ arbor length, axonal versus NMJ branch points, ectopic muscle acquisition, and sprouting penetran…

Trachoma in the Pacific Islands: evidence from Trachoma Rapid Assessment.

AIMS: To establish the presence or absence of trachoma in the Pacific Island region. METHODS: Trachoma Rapid Assessment methodology was used in Kiribati, Nauru, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands and Fiji. Advised by key informants, high-risk communities were chosen from each country. All available children aged 1-9 years and adults > or = 40 years were examined. RESULTS: A total of 903 adults > or = 40 years and 3102 children aged 1-9 years were screened at 67 sites. Rates of active trachoma in children were >15% in all sites in Kiribati and >20% in all sites in Nauru. However, there was a high varia…

A first nation-wide assessment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Fijian primary schools, and factors associated with the infection, using a lymphatic filariasis transmission assessment survey as surveillance platform.

BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) is endemic in Fiji but its prevalence is not known and likely to have changed after a decade of mass drug administration (MDA) for lymphatic filariasis (LF). By linking with LF transmission assessment surveys (LF-TAS), we undertook the first nation-wide assessment of STH in Fijian primary schools, as well as an analysis of factors associated with STH infections. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A cross-sectional assessment for STH was conducted in all four Divisions of Fiji from 2014 to 2015. In the Western, Central, and Northern Divisions, scho…

Prospective surveillance of streptococcal sore throat in a tropical country.

BACKGROUND: Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease cause a high burden of disease in Fiji and surrounding Pacific Island countries, but little is known about the epidemiology of group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis in the region. We designed a study to estimate the prevalence of carriage of beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) and the incidence of BHS culture-positive sore throat in school aged children in Fiji. METHODS: We conducted twice-weekly prospective surveillance of school children aged 5 to 14 years in 4 schools in Fiji during a 9-month period in 2006, after an initial pha…

Fully Automatic, Semiautomatic, and Manual Corneal Nerve Fiber Analysis in Patients With Sarcoidosis.

PURPOSE: No guidelines are available on the preferred method for analyzing corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) data. Manual, semiautomatic, an … hout SFN. The CNFL was measured using CCMetrics, ACCMetrics, and NeuronJ. NFA was measured with NFA FIJI and ACCMetrics NFA. RESULTS: CNFL and NFA could not distinguish sarcoidosis with and without SFN or healthy controls. CCMetrics, NeuronJ, and ACCMetrics CNFL highly correlated. Also, NFA FIJI and ACCMetrics NFA highly correlated. Reproducing a nonl …