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Nuclear envelope, nuclear lamina, and inherited disease.

The nuclear envelope is composed of the nuclear membranes, nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complexes. In recent years, mutations in nuclear-envelope proteins have been shown to cause a surprisingly wide array of inherited diseases. While the mutant proteins are generally expressed in most or all differentiated somatic cells, many mutations cause fairly tissue-specific disorders. Perhaps the most dramatic case is that of mutations in A-type lamins, intermediate filament proteins associated with the inner nuclear membrane. Different mutations in the same lamin proteins have been shown to cause …

Antibodies to nuclear lamins in autoimmune liver disease.

Antibodies to nuclear lamins were detected in sera of patients with autoimmune liver disease. In indirect immunofluorescence tests, these sera revealed staining of the nuclear periphery. Using isolated nuclei, nuclear matrices, nuclear lamina-pore complexes, and chromatographically purified lamins as antigen source, the nuclear lamins A, B, and C were identified as reactive antigens in immunoblotting experiments. The lamins were also identified by 2-D gel electrophoresis. Antibodies to nuclear lamins occurred in 12 of 16 cases of active lupoid hepatitis, but not in 35 patients with the disease

Rapid evolution exposes the boundaries of domain structure and function in natively unfolded FG nucleoporins.

Nucleoporins with phenylalanine-glycine repeats (FG Nups) function at the nuclear pore complex (NPC) to facilitate nucleocytoplasmic transport. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, each FG Nup contains a large natively unfolded domain that is punctuated by FG repeats. These FG repeats are surrounded by hydrophilic amino acids (AAs) common to disordered protein domains. Here we show that the FG domain of Nups from human, fly, worm, and other yeast species is also enriched in these disorder-associated AAs, indicating that structural disorder is a conserved feature of FG Nups and likely serves an importa…

Association with the cellular export receptor CRM 1 mediates function and intracellular localization of Epstein-Barr virus SM protein, a regulator of gene expression.

Splicing and posttranscriptional processing of eukaryotic gene transcripts are linked to their nuclear export and cytoplasmic expression. Un … 1 (exportin 1), which mediates nucleocytoplasmic translocation of Rev-HIV RNA complexes through the nuclear pore. The transforming human herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expresses a nuclear protein, SM, early in its lytic cycle; SM binds RNA and posttranscriptionally activates expression of certain intronless lytic EBV genes. Here we show that both the tra …

Mutations in NUP160 Are Implicated in Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Studies have identified mutations in >50 genes that can lead to monogenic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). The NUP160 gene, which encodes one of the protein components of the nuclear pore complex nucleoporin 160 kD (Nup160), is expressed in both human and mouse kidney cells. Knockdown of NUP160 impairs mouse podocytes in cell culture. Recently, siblings with SRNS and proteinuria in a nonconsanguineous family were found to carry compound-heterozygous mutations in NUP160. METHODS: We identified NUP160 mutations by whole-exome and Sanger sequencing of genomic DNA from a y…

The Genesis and Influence of Pore-Throat Structural Multifractionation in Dense Sandstone Reservoirs as an Example of Chang 8 in Zhenjing Area, Ordos Basin, North China.

The heterogeneity of the pore-throat structure in tight sandstone is a key factor influencing its reservoir quality and fluid seepage capacity. This study, based on 20 tight sandstone samples from the Chang 8 section in the Zhenjing area of the Ordos Basin, employs a range of experimental techniques, including cast thin section analysis, X-ray diffraction, high-pressure mercury injection, nitrogen adsorption, and nuclear magnetic resonance. These methods, combined with mineralogical and petrological analyses, are used to investigate the fractal characteristics of the pore-throat structure, its

Identification of specific binding proteins for a nuclear location sequence.

The nuclear envelope is a selective barrier against the movement of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Nuclear proteins larger than relative molecular mass 20,000-40,000 are probably actively transported across the envelope through the nuclear pore complex and are directed by specific nuclear location sequences (NLS) in the proteins. NLS mediate the nuclear import of isolated nuclear proteins after microinjection into whole cells and the nuclear accumulation of chimaeric proteins or of non-nuclear proteins conjugated to synthetic peptides. The best-characterized NLS is the simia…

Viscous shaping of the compliant cell nucleus.

The cell nucleus is commonly considered to be a stiff organelle that mechanically resists changes in shape, and this resistance is thought to limit the ability of cells to migrate through pores or spread on surfaces. Generation of stresses on the cell nucleus during migration and nuclear response to these stresses is fundamental to cell migration and mechano-transduction. In this Perspective, we discuss our previous experimental and computational evidence that supports a dynamic model, in which the soft nucleus is irreversibly shaped by viscous stresses generated by the motion of cell boundari

Influencing factors of oil-bearing capacity in tight sandstones based on pore structure characterization: a case study of the Fuyu reservoir in the Xinmiao oilfield, Southern Songliao Basin.

The tight sandstone reservoir exhibits a complex pore structure and strong heterogeneity. Accurate characterization of its pore structure is crucial for improving the efficiency of tight oil development. This study investigates tight sandstone samples exhibiting different oil-bearing levels from the Fuyu oil reservoir of the fourth member of the Quantou Formation in the Xinmiao area, located in the southern Songliao Basin. The influence of pore structure on oil-bearing capacity was investigated through a series of systematic experiments, including low-pressure nitrogen adsorption (LPN2A), high

Experimental investigation of friction reducer effects on the microstructure and permeability of Longmaxi formation gas shale.

This study proposes a novel method to investigate the effects of friction reducers on the microstructure and permeability of gas shale, using the Longmaxi formation as a case study. By combining high-pressure mercury injection (HPMI) data, the pore size distributions (PSDs) and permeability of gas shale sample were derived from low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 spectra under various immersion time conditions. The results demonstrate that this method effectively illustrates the impact of friction reducer on gas shale microstructure across different immersion durations. The proportio

Microstructural Evolution and Damage Mechanism of Water-Immersed Coal Based on Physicochemical Effects of Inorganic Minerals.

Coal seam water injection technology enables seam permeability enhancement and facilitates outburst risk reduction. This study investigated the microscale effects of water infiltration on coal and the evolution mechanisms of its mechanical properties. To this end, we systematically analyzed dynamic changes (such as mineral composition, pore structure, and mechanical performance) in coal soaked for various durations using X-ray diffraction, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and uniaxial compression testing. The results indicate: (1) the coal NMR T2 spectrum displays three characterist

Quenched molecular reorientation and angular velocity in nanopores.

A theoretical treatment shows how the orientational dependent and spin rotation relaxation rates of a confined nonpolar liquid depend on the average pore size. Experimental nuclear relaxation data on carbon disulfide and cyclohexane in a set of calibrated porous glasses support the theory.

Scanning electron microscopic observation of ultrastructure of Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria.

Ultrastructure of Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria(Mf) was imaged through scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Transverse annular striations covered all over the surface of the whole body. Two small pores on the cephalic disk and the mouth-like cavity at a ventral side of the first striation next to the cephalic disk were observed. A single triangular hook was projected from the upper palate. The excretory pore was observed at the 80th annulus from the anterior end, and the anal pore at the 90th annulus from the posterior end. The both pores were located at the ventral side of the

Imbibition Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Fracturing Fluid in a Tight Sandstone Reservoir.

The strong reservoir heterogeneity and complex microscopic pore structure in the Linxing area make it prone to water block damage during imbibition development. In order to explore the influence of reservoir microscopic characteristics on imbibition efficiency, taking the tight sandstone gas reservoir in the Linxing area of Ordos Basin as an example, the heterogeneity of the tight sandstone reservoir in the study area is characterized in terms of physical and chemical characteristics as well as the microscopic pore structure. Using nuclear magnetic resonance, high-pressure mercury pressure, an

Old foes, new understandings: nuclear entry of small non-enveloped DNA viruses.

The nuclear import of viral genomes is an important step of the infectious cycle for viruses that replicate in the nucleus of their host cel … s through small disruptions of the nuclear membranes and nuclear lamina, and adenovirus tugs at the nuclear pore complex, using kinesin-1, to disassemble their capsids and deliver viral proteins and genomes into the nucleus. Here we review recent findings of the nuclear import strategies of three small non-enveloped DNA viruses, including adenovirus, parvoviru …

Nuclear size is sensitive to NTF2 protein levels in a manner dependent on Ran binding.

Altered nuclear size is associated with many cancers, and determining whether cancer-associated changes in nuclear size contribute to carcin … evis egg and embryo extracts, consistent with our observation that NTF2 reduces the diameter of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) in a Ran-binding-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ectopic NTF2 expression in Xenopus embryos and mammalian tissue culture cells alters nuclear size. Finally, we show that increases in nuclear size during melanoma prog …

Болезнь нуклеоцитоплазмы, вызванная кардиовирусами.

Некоторые пикорнавирусы, например полиомиелитвирус, увеличивают двунаправленную проницаемость ядерного пакета и подавляют активный нуклеоцитоплазмический транспорт. Эти виды деятельности требуют вирусного протеза 2A(pro). Здесь мы изучали нуклеоцитоплазмический трафик в клетках, инфицированных вирусом энцефаломиокардита (EMCV; кардиовирус), у которого нет белка, связанного с полиомиелитом 2A(pro). EMCV также усилил двунаправленный нуклеоцитоплазмический трафик. Используя флуоресцентный белок «Таймер», который содержит сигнал ядерной локализации, мы показали, что цитоплазмическое накопление яде

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Some picornaviruses, for example, poliovirus, increase bidirectional permeability of the nuclear envelope and suppress active nucleocytoplas … rosporine. As evidenced by electron microscopy, cardiovirus infection resulted in alteration of the nuclear pores, but it did not trigger degradation of the nucleoporins known to be degraded in the poliovirus-infected cells. Thus, two groups of picornaviruses, enteroviruses and cardioviruses, similarly alter the nucleocytoplasmic traffic but achieve this by st …

Single-Sided NMR for Real-Time Tracking of Porous Structure Formation of Acrylate Copolymer Waterproof Composites during Erosion.

The failure mechanism of acrylate copolymer waterproof composite films under sulfuric acid treatment is elucidated by time- and depth-resolved low-field single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The high depth sensitivity (10 μm) and large detection region (14 × 14 mm2) of single-sided NMR enable in situ tracking of porous structure formation under aqueous conditions. Both the pore size and interior surface wettability can be obtained through the proper selection of probe molecules, that is, water and ethanol, with different molecular sizes and surface tensions. A two-step erosion process