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Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Huntington's Disease.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is enriched in brain-derived components and represents an accessible and appealing means of interrogating the CNS milieu to study neurodegenerative diseases and identify biomarkers to facilitate the development of novel therapeutics. Many such CSF biomarkers have been proposed for Huntington's disease (HD) but none has been validated for clinical trial use. Across many studies proposing dozens of biomarker candidates, there is a notable lack of statistical power, consistency, rigor and validation. Here we review proposed CSF biomarkers including neurotransmitters, tra…

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage after Thoracic Decompression.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to review cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) after thoracic decompression and describe its regular and special features. DATA SOURCES: Literature cited in this review was retrieved from PubMed and Medline and was primarily published during the last 10 years. "Cerebrospinal fluid", "leakage", "dural tears", and "thoracic decompression" were the indexed terms. Relevant citations in the retrieved articles were also screened to include more data. STUDY SELECTION: All retrieved literature was scrutinized, and four categories were recorded: incidence and r…

[Cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics in multiple sclerosis].

As a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with characteristic abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thus, in addition to magnetic resonance imaging, CSF examination is a central diagnostic procedure in patients with MS, which can corroborate a diagnosis of MS and may also help to discern differential diagnoses. The most important CSF finding in MS is the detection of persistent polyspecific intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis. This review summarizes CSF findings of patients with MS and addresses issues of relevance for c…

Endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea.

GOAL: The purpose of this review was to look at the success rate of transnasal endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhoea and the impact of patient factors, repair techniques and adjuvant treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was performed on PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Central databases, independently by two of the authors, of all studies reporting the outcomes of CSF rhinorrhoea repair, published until the 1st June 2014, using keywords Cerebrospinal fluid leak, CSF leak, CSF fistula, CSF leak or fistula repair, endoscopic sinus surgery or ESS complications. Sixty-seven papers were…

Цереброспиновая жидкость в нейроборлиозе Лайма.

Лайм нейроборрелиоз (LNB) является одним из проявлений болезни Лайма. Хотя известно, что в иммунной реакции пациентов ЛНБ доминируют реакции TH1 и TH2 и у пациентов в цереброспинной жидкости (CSF) высокое количество клеток B, не все клетки, связанные с воспалением и секрецией цитокина, были описаны. Текущая диагностика LNB основана на внутритерхальном производстве антител. В последние годы в качестве нового перспективного диагностического инструмента для ЛНБ в дополнение к методам диагностики, основанным на антителах, было введено измерение концентрации хемокина CXCL13 из CSF. В качестве возмо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is one of the manifestations of Lyme disease. Although it is known that immune reaction of LNB patients is dominated by Th1 and Th2 responses and patients have elevated numbers of B cells in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), not all the cells involved in inflammation and cytokine secretion have been characterized. The c…

Cerebrospinal fluid leakage--reliable diagnostic methods.

Prompt diagnosis and early treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage minimizes the risk of severe complications. In patients presenting with clear fluid nasal discharge it is important to identify the nature of the rhinorrhea. The CSF leakage may occur as post-traumatic, iatrogenic, spontaneous or idiopathic rhinorrhea. The differential diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea often presents a challenging problem. The confirmation of CSF rhinorrhea and localization of the leakage may be diagnosed by CT, MRI cisternography and MRI cisternography in combination with single photon emission tomography or …

Lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

Examination of the CSF is the gold standard for the diagnosis of meningitis. There are a number of laboratory tests. in addition to CSF cell count, glucose concentration, Gram's stain, and bacterial culture, that are useful in identifying the organism and differentiating between bacterial and viral meningitis. These laboratory tests can be used in combination with the clinical presentation to determine which patient should be treated for bacterial meningitis while awaiting the result of CSF Gram's stain and bacterial culture.

Delayed cerebrospinal fluid leak following septoplasty.

We report on the clinical syndrome of delayed cerebrospinal fluid leak following septoplasty. We describe 2 such cases that we treated, and 1 other case described in the literature. A review of these 3 cases indicates a characteristic clinical and radiologic presentation and a consistent site of cerebrospinal fluid leak. All cases presented with cerebrospinal fluid leak 12 to 22 weeks after septoplasty and had slit-shaped dehiscences at the horizontal lamella of the cribriform plate. Endoscopic repair was successful in all. Delayed cerebrospinal fluid leaks may occur as a consequence of septal…

Low atazanavir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid.

OBJECTIVE: Protease inhibitors may not penetrate into the central nervous system in therapeutic concentrations, which may allow ongoing HIV replication and injury. The objective of this study was to determine atazanavir penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). DESIGN: Single random plasma or paired plasma and CSF samples were drawn from participants enrolled in a multicenter, observational cohort study and taking atazanavir with or without ritonavir between October 2003 and October 2005. METHODS: Plasma samples were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography and immunoassay; lower …

[Endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the best treatment of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. METHOD: A retrospective study of 45 consecutive patients who presented with CSF leak,was conducted. Forty-two patients were treated with transnasal endoscopic approach, three with double approach transnasal and extranasal. The fascia lata, the myoplasm, the free middle turbinate graft and the free inferior turbinate graft were used for fistula repairing. Four repair techniques as onlay technique, inlay technique, underlay technique and obliteration technique were used. RESULT: Postoperative follow-up lasted from …

Endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and meningoencephaloceles extending into the nasal cavity from the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae often are managed by otolaryngologists. A thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, management principles, and treatment options is essential to achieve optimal outcomes. Surgical and medical management is highly individualized and depends on many factors, including etiology, anatomic site, and underlying intracranial pressure. This article highlights the history, physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, surgical techniques, and postope…

Tegmen tympani cerebrospinal fluid leak repair.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the transmastoid approach for closing cerebrospinal fluid leaks in the tegmen tympani using autologous materials (temporal muscle fascia and abdominal fat) and heterologous materials (bovine collagen), together with its advantages and disadvantages. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present the cases of three patients who underwent closure of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks in the tegmen tympani in which we used the transmastoid approach and autologous and heterologous materials. The three patients underwent canal wall-up mastoidectomy, posterior tympanotomy, removal of th…

[Functional imaging of cerebrospinal fluid pathology].

The most common problem addressed by dynamic radionuclide imaging of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities is differentiating patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) from those with other forms of degenerative brain disorder who would clearly not benefit from surgical treatment by ventricular shunting. Radionuclide cisternography (RC) SPECT and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) SPECT are critically important for the diagnosis and therapy management of patients with chronic hydrocephalus. However, radionuclide imaging is helpful not only in identifying patients with NPH showing im…

Endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.

PURPOSE: Most anterior skull base defects causing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea can be readily approached using endoscopic techniques when surgical repair is necessary. We present our data from endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea with long-term follow-up. METHODS: Retrospective data analysis of patients that were diagnosed with anterior skull base CSF rhinorrhea and underwent endoscopic repair at a tertiary institution. Data were analyzed to determine the etiology and location of CSF leaks. Diagnostic techniques, surgical techniques, and surgical outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS: Ninet…

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: diagnosis and treatment.

The diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is usually straightforward. It need not be. The location of the leak is usually clear. It need not be. With modern rigid endoscopes, the repair is usually technically straightforward. It need not be. When a cerebrospinal fluid leak is suggested and the fluid is collectable, testing for beta 2 transferrin will usually settle the issue. The site of the leak is usually obvious. If it is not, but the leak is active, an isoview computed tomography scan will reveal it. Once the leak is established and located, the experienced endoscopic sinus surgeon c…

Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections in infants.

Infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality following CSF shunt procedures. In this study 191 shunt procedures carried out from January 1981 to December 1992 in a series of 81 infants (less than 6 months old) were retrospectively analyzed for possible risk factors. The overall surgical infection rate was 7.8%, with 15 infections occurring in 14 patients (17.2%). No significant difference in the rate of infections was found in relation to sex, birth weight, gestational age, and type of shunt procedure (primary insertion/revision). The occurrence of other infections during the per

Polar spongioblastoma with cerebrospinal fluid metastases.

We presented a rare case of polar spongioblastoma occurring in a 12-year-old boy with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spread in the basal cisterns and contralateral ventricle, as well as metastases to the spinal dura. Apart from the typical palisades of elongated cells, immunohistochemically, the tumor cells stained for neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin, and ultrastructural examination revealed features of neuronal differentiation. Our case adds to the small number of cases of polar spongioblastoma with clinicopathologic features and ultrastructural appearance described and confirms the neur…

Spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leak.

Eight patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak of temporal bone origin are presented. Pertinent history and surgical findings are reviewed and contrasted with 33 previously reported patients. Unilateral ear fullness and mild hearing loss are the most common presenting symptoms. Profuse clear otorrhea following myringotomy is virtually pathognomonic. Diagnostic methods including high-resolution computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and contrast cisternography are discussed. The indications for transmastoid and combined transmastoid/middle fossa surgical repairs are compared…