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Cancer, viruses and environmental factors.

The genesis of Burkitt's lymphoma is visualized as proceeding in three steps: I. Primary EBV infection affects the young child, probably at a relatively high multiplicity. It immortalizes a certain number of B-lymphocytes in vivo. II. This is followed by the impact of an environmental promoting agent, perhaps chronic holoendemic malaria, providing a chronic stimulus to the proliferation of the EBV-carrying preneoplastic cells. III. Chromosomally abnormal variants appear in the stimulated tissue by chance. After certain types of changes, particularly the 8 to 14 translocation that leads to the

[Human papilloma viruses (author's transl)].

Various types of human papillomas (warts) can be differentiated according to clinical parameters: Verrucae vulgares, plantares, planae and seborrheicae, in addition genital warts (Condylomata acuminata) and laryngeal papillomas. With the exception of Verrucae vulgares and plantares the epidemiology of these types of warts displays significantly different patterns. It was possible to demonstrate the heterogeneity of human wart viruses also by biochemical and serological means: we have identified 4 different types of human papilloma viruses so far, 3 of which are closely related with each other.…

Tick-borne viruses in Finland.

Ixodes ricinus is the only one of six tick species reported from Finland found to carry viruses. It transmits tick-borne encephalitis and Uukuniemi viruses, and transmission of a Kemerovo group virus is suggested by antibody findings. Tick-borne encephalitis is common only in the SW-archipelago; it is also found near the SE-boarder but is very rare elsewhere. In contrast, Uukuniemi virus is common throughout the distribution area of I. ricinus, being commoner on the mainland than in the archipelago. Medium, large and small mammals participate in the cycle of tick-borne encephalitis virus, thou…

Tick-borne viruses in Norway.

The purpose of the investigation was to chart the existence and extent of arboviruses in Norway and provide information on their possible significance. Virus isolations have been attempted from ticks (I. ricinus, I. trianguliceps, I. uriae) and host animal blood from selected locations. Serological screenings have been performed with bird, small mammal, cattle and human blood. Five virus strians have been identified to date. Three of them are related to Uukuniemi virus group. Two identical strains from I. uriae demonstrate the morphology of coronaviruses and no antigenic relationship to major …

Боковой Gene Translation между Girant Viruses of Family Mimiviridae и Chlamidiae.

Обязанность к внутриклеточному хламидии разошлась в патогенном и экологическом хламидии 0,7-1,4 миллиарда лет назад. В то время как патогенные хламидии адаптировались к широкому кругу позвоночных, экологические хламидии обитают в одноклеточном амебе, свободном акантамоэбе. Однако вопрос о том, каким образом и почему произошло это расхождение, остается неясным. В то же время были обнаружены гигантские вирусы, состоящие из вирусов протозоа и вирусов, связанных с вирусом протозоа, при этом предполагается, что первая группа в большей степени повлияла на окружающую среду хламидиаи во время их эволю

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Obligate intracellular chlamydiae diverged into pathogenic and environmental chlamydiae 0.7-1.4 billion years ago. While pathogenic chlamydiae have adapted to a wide range of vertebrates, environmental chlamydiae inhabit unicellular amoebae, the free-living Acanthamoeba. However, how and why this divergence occurred remains unclear. Meanwhile, giant viruses …

Cancer terminator viruses: Unique conditionally replication competent oncolytic viruses producing therapeutic anti-cancer immunomodulating agents.

Cancer terminator viruses (CTVs) are next‑generation conditionally replicating oncolytic adenoviruses that integrate precise tumor targeting, direct oncolysis, and potent cytokine‑mediated immunotherapy into a single platform. In CTVs, viral replication is driven by cancer‑selective promoters such as the progression elevated gene‑3 (PEG‑3) promoter, restricting E1A expression and adenoviral replication to tumor cells while sparing normal tissues. These vectors are "armed" with broad‑acting immunomodulatory cytokines, most notably melanoma differentiation-associated gene‑7/interleukin‑24 (mda‑7…

Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2018-2019 update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee.

This article is a summary of the activities of the ICTV's Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee for the years 2018 and 2019. Highlights include the creation of a new order, 10 families, 22 subfamilies, 424 genera and 964 species. Some of our concerns about the ICTV's ability to adjust to and incorporate new DNA- and protein-based taxonomic tools are discussed.

Viruses and Antiviral Responses of Nematodes.

Nematodes are ubiquitous metazoans that occupy diverse ecological niches, exposing them to a wide range of viruses and positioning them as both viral hosts and vectors. Free-living nematodes, particularly Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae, provide powerful genetic models for studying antiviral immune mechanisms. Natural infections with noda-like viruses have revealed powerful antiviral defense strategies in Caenorhabditis species, including RNA interference, the Intracellular Pathogen Response, Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT)-like transcriptional regu…

The Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease, traditionally attributed to a bacterial biofilm. Increasing evidence indicates that viruses, especially members of the Herpesviridae family, are frequently detected in periodontal lesions and may influence disease onset and progression. This review provides an overview of viruses present in the oral cavity, including Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, Retroviridae, SARS-CoV-2, and emerging viral taxa such as Redondoviridae and bacteriophages, and summarizes their reported associations with periodontitis. Proposed mechanisms of viral contrib…

Implication of viruses in the etiology of preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is one of the most common disorders that poses threat to both mothers and neonates and a major contributor to perinatal morbidi … eclampsia. Moreover, clinical and experimental investigations have suggested a link between several viruses and the onset of preeclampsia via multiple pathways. However, the results of experimental and clinical research are not always consistent. Therefore, future studies should investigate the causal link between viral infections and preeclampsia to eluc …

Fitness Determinants of Influenza A Viruses.

Influenza A (IAV) is a major human respiratory pathogen that causes illness, hospitalizations, and mortality annually worldwide. IAV is also … ts of the pdmH1N1 virus currently circulate in the swine population, reassorting with endemic swine viruses that co-circulate and occasionally spillover into humans. This is evidenced by the regular detection of variant swine IAVs in humans associated with state fairs and other intersections of humans and swine. Defining genetic changes that support speci …

Pseudotyped Viruses for Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus.

Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) of the Filoviridae family are the most lethal viruses in terms of mortality rate. However, the development of antiviral treatment is hampered by the requirement for biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) containment. The establishment of BSL-2 pseudotyped viruses can provide important tools for the study of filoviruses. This chapter summarizes general information on the filoviruses and then focuses on the construction of replication-deficient pseudotyped MARV and EBOV (e.g., lentivirus system and vesicular stomatitis virus system). It also details the potential a…