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Inactivation of chronic wasting disease prions using sodium hypochlorite.

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal prion disease that can infect deer, elk and moose. CWD has now been detected in 26 states of the USA, 3 Canadian provinces, South Korea, Norway, Sweden and Finland. CWD continues to spread from endemic areas, and new foci of infections are frequently detected. As increasing numbers of cervids become infected, the likelihood for human exposure increases. To date, no cases of CWD infection in humans have been confirmed, but experience with the BSE zoonosis in the United Kingdom suggests exposure to CWD should be minimized. Specifically, hunters, meat proc…

Brucellosis Transmission between Wildlife and Livestock in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Inferences from DNA Genotyping.

The wildlife of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem carries brucellosis, which was first introduced to the area by cattle in the 19th century. Brucellosis transmission between wildlife and livestock has been difficult to study due to challenges in culturing the causative agent, Brucella abortus . We examined B. abortus transmission between American bison ( Bison bison ), Rocky Mountain elk ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni), and cattle ( Bos taurus ) using variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) markers on DNA from 98 B. abortus isolates recovered from populations in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming, US. Our ana

Novel foci of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks infected with Babesia canis and Babesia caballi in the Netherlands and in Belgium.

BACKGROUND: Autochthonous populations of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in the Netherlands were discovered after fatal cases of babesiosis oc … ), two ticks from two humans, 51 ticks from 15 horses, two ticks from two cats, one tick from a roe deer, whereas most ticks (904) were collected from cattle (n = 25). Ticks were found throughout the year on dogs in nearly all provinces of the Netherlands. None of the ticks collected from these hosts were infected. CONCLUSIONS: D. reticulatus is conti …

Comparison of Buffered, Acidified Plate Antigen to Standard Serologic Tests for the Detection of Serum Antibodies to Brucella abortus in Elk (Cervus canadensis).

Brucellosis (caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus) is a zoonotic disease endemic in wild elk (Cervus canadensis) of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, US. Because livestock and humans working with elk or livestock are at risk, validated tests to detect the B. abortus antibody in elk are needed. Using the κ-statistic, we evaluated the buffered, acidified plate antigen (BAPA) assay for agreement with the results of the four serologic tests (card test [card], complement fixation test [CF], rivanol precipitation plate agglutination test [RIV], standard plate agglutination test [SPT]) that are

Anatomical study of the gastrointestinal tract of a pudu (Pudu puda) using contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography.

The pudu (Pudu puda), which is the smallest deer in the world and inhabits central and southern Chile and Argentina, is a ruminant and a browsing herbivore. The aim of this study was to provide a reference for interpretation of the normal anatomy of the pudu's gastrointestinal tract as imaged by abdominal computed tomography (CT). For the study, one adult female pudu was used. After a 24-h fast, the pudu was anaesthetized and positioned in sternal recumbency at the CT table. Image acquisition began immediately after intravenous injection of contrast media (MD-76(®); 370 mgI/ml) into the cephal…

Arcanobacterium pyogenes septicemia in a southern pudu (Pudu puda) following uterine prolapse.

A 14-year-old female pudu (Pudu puda) developed a uterine prolapse after unassisted parturition. The length of time between the prolapse and replacement of the organ was not known but was less than 24 hr. When the prolapse was first noticed, uterine tissue appeared undamaged and was immediately cleaned with antiseptic solution, handled carefully during replacement, and prophylactic antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs were given. The pudu appeared clinically normal until 4 days postpartum, when she developed clinical signs of tenesmus, dysuria, and a purulent discharge from the vulva. Despit

Assessment of PCR in the detection of Leishmania spp in experimentally infected individual phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae).

DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied in the investigation of the presence of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites in single phlebotomine sandflies. Three phlebotomine/parasite pairs were used: Lutzomyia longipalpis/Leishmania chagasi, Lutzomyia migonei/Leishmania amazonensis and Lutzomyia migonei/Leishmania braziliensis, all of them incriminated in the transmission of visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis. DNA extraction was performed with whole insects, with no need of previous digestive tract dissection or pooling specimens. The presence of ei

Анализ риска трансмиссивных заболеваний на уровне общин.

Экологическая структура общин имеет особенно важное значение для трансмиссивных зоонотических заболеваний со сложными жизненными циклами. Качественный анализ моделей общин может стать реальной альтернативой стандартным демографическим моделям трансмиссивных заболеваний. Мы опирались на последние математические разработки в качественном модели сообщества в сочетании с обычными биоматематическими моделями передачи трансмиссий, чтобы обеспечить процедуру анализа риска. Используя эту процедуру, мы можем гипотезать изменения в риске трансмиссивных заболеваний от таких возмущений, как меры контроля,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Ecological community structure is particularly important in vector-borne zoonotic diseases with complex life cycles. Qualitative community m … ns of Lyme disease risk in an oak forest community confirm reports of positive associations between deer abundance and risk of disease and are consistent with published observations.

Determination of nitroxide spin label conformations via PELDOR and X-ray crystallography.

Pulsed electron-electron double resonance (PELDOR or DEER) in combination with site-directed spin labelling has emerged as an important method for measuring nanometer distance constraints that are used to obtain coarse-grained structures of biomolecules or to follow their conformational changes. Translating measured spin-spin distances between spin labels into structural information requires taking the conformational flexibility of spin label side chains into account. Here, we present an analysis of orientation selective PELDOR data recorded on six singly MTSSL-labelled azurin mutants. The ana…

Peromyscus maniculatus, a possible reservoir host of Borrelia garinii from the Gannet Islands off Newfoundland and Labrador.

Thirty-five deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, were trapped on Gannet Cluster 2 (GC-2), one of a group of islands numbered by convention in the Gannet Island Archipelago, and examined for ectoparasites. One species each of Acari (Ixodes uriae) and Siphonaptera (Orchopeas leucopus) were recovered. Samples of mice favored males to females (3.4∶1). Twenty-nine percent (10) of the mice were free of ectoparasites. Males were more heavily parasitized than females when both parasites were considered. No ticks were recovered from the female mice, while the males that were parasitized carried adult Ixo…

Increased host species diversity and decreased prevalence of Sin Nombre virus.

Emerging outbreaks of zoonotic diseases are affecting humans at an alarming rate. Until the ecological factors associated with zoonoses are … irus (genus Hantavirus, etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome) in its wildlife host, the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). Only species diversity was statistically linked to infection prevalence: as species diversity decreased, infection prevalence increased. The increase was moderate, but prevalence increased exponentially at low levels …

Fulminant eosinophilic myocarditis associated with visceral larva migrans caused by Toxocara canis infection.

A 19-year-old man was transferred to hospital because of myocarditis with cardiogenic shock. Echocardiography showed a left ventricular ejec … ent's antibody titer against Toxocara canis was high and his symptoms had appeared after eating raw deer meat, the diagnosis was fulminant eosinophilic myocarditis caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to visceral larval migrans. After starting high-dose corticosteroids, the ejection fraction dramatically improved, the eosinophilia decreased and the pa …

Epidemiological characteristics of an invading parasite: Dicrocoelium dendriticum in sympatric wapiti and beef cattle in southern Alberta, Canada.

Previous surveys of wild ungulates indicate that the liver fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, was rare in the Cypress Hills area of southeastern Alberta. However, 41 of 59 wapiti (Cervus elaphus) sampled during the 2003 and 2004 hunting seasons from this region were infected, with 7 hosts containing >1,000 worms. Prevalence and mean intensity were similarly high in sympatric beef cattle and mule deer. Worm abundance in wapiti was age related, with calves containing significantly higher numbers of worms (mean +/- SD abundance = 825 +/- 1098) than adults (107 +/- 259). This pattern with host age w…

Disease-specific diagnosis of coinfecting tickborne zoonoses: babesiosis, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, and Lyme disease.

To determine whether a unique group of clinical and laboratory manifestations characterize certain major deer tick-transmitted human pathogens in North America, we compared the symptoms, short-term complications, and laboratory test results of New England residents who became ill due to > or =1 of these pathogens. Patients completed a uniformly structured questionnaire and submitted blood samples for serologic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing after developing symptoms of Lyme disease, human babesiosis, or human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). Complete blood count with thin blood sm…

Lyme disease associated with unilateral interstitial keratitis.

PURPOSE: To report a case of Lyme disease that presented with a single nummular unilateral interstitial keratitis. METHODS: Case report and review of the literature. RESULTS: A 57-year-old black man who had contact with freshly killed deer had a chief complaint of foreign-body sensation in his right eye (OD) that had been diagnosed and treated for herpes simplex stromal keratitis. The patient underwent a systemic workup for interstitial keratitis. All results including RPR and MHA-TP were negative except for Lyme antibody titer (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) 178 U/ml (normal, <1…

Two Secondary Introductions From a Shared Bridgehead Population Show Evidence of Divergent and Parallel Selection.

Biological invasions offer large-scale experiments for examining rapid evolution and testing the predictability of adaptive change. Assessing the repeatability of such adaptive responses, however, requires replicated introductions that share similar demographic and environmental contexts. Single introduction events are common during biological invasion, but replicated secondary introductions from a shared source are rare. Here, we take advantage of a unique study system involving the introduced rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) to investigate whether synchronous secondary introductions from a shar…

Limited transmission of cervid prions to nonhuman primates provides insights into the zoonotic potential of chronic wasting disease.

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is an expanding prion disease of cervids. CWD prions persist in the environment, are shed in excreta, and accumulate in tissues of infected cervids, raising concerns about its zoonotic potential. Using cynomolgus macaques, we explored the zoonotic potential of CWD. Although most inoculated macaques remained asymptomatic, sensitive in vitro prion amplification assays revealed low levels of prions in macaque tissues. Inoculation of transgenic mice and bank voles with macaque tissues induced prion disease, achieving 100% transmission rates upon serial passage. One in

[Occurrence of Francicella tularensis subsp. holarctica in haematophagous arthropods in the Breclav district in 2022].

Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by Francisella tularensis, a gram-negative aerobic bacterium belonging to the class of Gammaproteobacteria an … sis subsp. holarctica. Both samples originated from D. reticulatus, one collected from infested roe deer and the other included in a pooled sample (n = 10). Both positive samples were sequenced, and the presence of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica was confirmed. In addition, the absence of F. tularensis in mosquitoes and black flies was documented.