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Alterations in resting-state whole-brain functional connectivity pattern similarity in bipolar disorder patients.

BACKGROUND: Previous neuroimaging studies have extensively demonstrated many signs of functionally spontaneous local neural activity abnormalities in bipolar disorder (BD) patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). However, how to identify the changes of voxel-wise whole-brain functional connectivity pattern and its corresponding functional connectivity changes remain largely unclear in BD patients. The current study aimed to investigate the voxel-wise changes of functional connectivity patterns in BD patients using publicly available data from the UCLA CNP L

The heterogeneous functional architecture of the posteromedial cortex is associated with selective functional connectivity differences in Alzheimer's disease.

The posteromedial cortex (PMC) is a key region involved in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have demonstrated a heterogenous functional architecture of the region that is composed of discrete functional modules reflecting a complex pattern of functional connectivity. However, little is understood about the mechanisms underpinning this complex network architecture in neurodegenerative disease, and the differential vulnerability of connectivity-based subdivisions in the PMC to AD pathogenesis. Using a data-driven approach, we applied a constrained ind

Resting-state functional connectivity alterations in post-stroke cognitive impairment: a systematic review.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment is a common and highly disabling multi-domain cognitive decline with unclear pathophysiological mechanisms. Its extent may be predicted by functional neuroimaging techniques, which could enhance our understanding of its underlying pathophysiology. Synthesize the state-of-the-art knowledge on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging findings in post-stroke cognitive impairment, their correlation with cognitive performance and the secondary compensatory connectivity changes. We performed a qualitative systematic literature review of reported data of re…

Electroconvulsive therapy modulates functional interactions between submodules of the emotion regulation network in major depressive disorder.

An increasing number of neuroimaging studies have consistently revealed that disrupted functional interactions within the cognitive emotion regulation network (ERN) contribute to the onset of major depressive disorders (MDD). To disentangle the functional reorganization of ERN after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in MDD is curial for understanding its neuropathology. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data was collected from 23 MDD patients before and after ECT, as well as 25 healthy controls. Network modularity analysis was used to identify the submodules and functional conn

Abnormal functional connectivity density in children with anisometropic amblyopia at resting-state.

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder resulting from anomalous binocular visual input in early life. Task-based neuroimaging studies have widely investigated cortical functional impairments in amblyopia, but changes in spontaneous neuronal functional activities in amblyopia remain largely unknown. In the present study, functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping, an ultrafast data-driven method based on fMRI, was applied for the first time to investigate changes in cortical functional connectivities in amblyopia during the resting-state. We quantified and compared both short- and long-range

Functional structure of local connections and differentiation of cerebral cortex areas in the neonate.

Neuroimaging research on functional connectivity can provide valuable information on the developmental differentiation of the infant cerebral cortex into its functional areas. We examined healthy neonates to comprehensively map brain functional connectivity using a combination of local measures that uniquely capture the rich spatial structure of cerebral cortex functional connections. Optimal functional MRI scans were obtained in 61 neonates. Local functional connectivity maps were based on Iso-Distance Average Correlation (IDAC) measures. Single distance maps and maps combining three distinct

Decreased Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Adolescents With Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about everyday life. Prior neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that GAD is associated with disruptions in specific brain regions; however, little is known about the global functional connectivity maps in adolescents with GAD. Here, first-episode, medication-naive, adolescent GAD patients (N = 36) and healthy controls (N = 28) (HCs) underwent resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI) and completed a package of questionnaires to assess clinical symptoms. Functional connectivity strength and seed-based functi

Movement Disorders in Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome and Response to Immunomodulation.

This study characterizes movement disorders and treatment responses in seven children with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). We retrospectively evaluated motor phenotypes, neuroimaging, and interferon signatures in patients treated with baricitinib or anifrolumab. Spasticity affected all patients, while dystonia was present in 4/7. GMFCS levels ranged from I to V. Following immunomodulation, interferon signatures normalized in 6/7 of patients, and 6/7 showed clinical stabilization or improvement, with no further regression events. These findings indicate that targeted therapy was associated wi

Advances in Neuroimaging of Breast Cancer Pain: An Overview.

Breast cancer is currently the most common malignant tumor, primarily affecting women, and it frequently leads to chronic pain that significantly impairs physical and mental health. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that breast cancer-related pain is associated with specific brain alterations, including changes in activation, connectivity, and structure of pain-processing regions. This review synthesizes findings on functional and structural brain changes related to chronic pain in breast cancer and compares them with non-cancer chronic pain patterns. By integrating recent evidence, it pr

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… The brain salience network at the intersection of pain and substance use disorders: insights from functional neuroimaging research. Curr Addict Rep . 2024;11:797–808. doi: 10.1007/s40429-024-00593-9 36. Wang S, Tepfer LJ, Taren AA, Smith DV. … Large-scale automated synthesis of human functional neuroimaging data. Nat Methods . 2011;8:665–670. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1635 85. Kummer KK, Mitrić M, Kalpachidou T, Kress M. The medial prefrontal cortex as a central hub for mental comorbidities associated with chronic pain. …

Long-term effects of mild traumatic brain injury in pediatrics.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a prevalent injury among children, typically resolving within weeks or months. However, emerging evidence suggests that a subset of pediatric patients may experience long-term effects that impact cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions. This review synthesizes current research on the long-term consequences in pediatrics. Neuroimaging studies have revealed persistent alterations in brain structure and function following mTBI, including changes in white matter microstructure and functional connectivity (FC), which may contribute to long-term cognitive

Cognitive-predominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 with posterior cingulate cortex hypoperfusion mimicking early-onset Alzheimer's disease: A case report.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by CTG/CAG repeat expansion in ATXN8OS/ATXN8 genes. The primary clinical feature is cerebellar ataxia, but approximately 30% of patients present with cognitive impairment, characterized by attentional disturbances and executive dysfunction. These cognitive deficits remain poorly understood, and no functional neuroimaging studies have been reported. We report a case of SCA8 presenting predominantly with cognitive impairment and showing marked hypoperfusion in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) on N…

'Without A Key': A Classroom Case Study.

This case study uses a narrative focused on locked-in syndrome to engage upper-level undergraduate students with functional neuroanatomy, clinical neuroscience, and brain computer interface technology. Students 'diagnose' the etiology of a composite patient's symptoms using behavioral, neurological, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological test results. Students work both in small groups and as a class to develop analytical and communication skills by exploring the underpinnings, symptoms, and outcomes of locked-in syndrome and how behavioral and brain computer interface techniques could be used

A Review of Neuroimaging Studies on Working Memory Paradigms in Patients with Bipolar Disorder.

New brain technologies including neuroimaging studies are powerful means for providing new insights into clinical and cognitive neuroscience. Bipolar disorder is a severe chronic phasic mental disease characterized by various cognitive dysfunctions. Working memory is one prominent domain of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder. Disruptions in working memory are observed even in euthymic bipolar patients which makes it a potential endophenotypic marker for the disorder. Finding such markers may help in providing firm neurobiological basis for psychiatric nosologies and symptomatic presentat

Understanding the sensory irregularities of esophageal disease.

Symptoms relating to esophageal sensory abnormalities can be encountered in the clinical environment. Such sensory abnormalities may be present in demonstrable disease, such as erosive esophagitis, and in the ostensibly normal esophagus, such as non-erosive reflux disease or functional chest pain. In this review, the authors discuss esophageal sensation and the esophageal pain system. In addition, the authors provide a primer concerning the techniques that are available for investigating the autonomic nervous system, neuroimaging and neurophysiology of esophageal sensory function. Such technol

Tinnitus: perspectives from human neuroimaging.

Tinnitus is the perception of phantom sound in the absence of a corresponding external source. It is a highly prevalent disorder, and most cases are caused by cochlear injury that leads to peripheral deafferentation, which results in adaptive changes in the CNS. In this article we critically assess the recent neuroimaging studies in individuals with tinnitus that suggest that the disorder is accompanied by functional and structural brain abnormalities in distributed auditory and non-auditory brain regions. Moreover, we consider how the identification of the neuronal mechanisms underlying the d

Advances in neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Improved diagnosis and treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are needed for our military and veterans, their families, and society at large. Advances in brain imaging offer important biomarkers of structural, functional, and metabolic information concerning the brain. This article reviews the application of various imaging techniques to the clinical problems of TBI and PTSD. For TBI, we focus on findings and advances in neuroimaging that hold promise for better detection, characterization, and monitoring of objective brain changes in symptomatic pat

[EDNET - eating disorders diagnostic and treatment network].

The paper gives an overview of the 4 randomized-controlled multi-center psychotherapy studies and the associated studies of the Eating Disor … ted studies are grouped around these core proposals covering neuropsychology, structural as well as functional neuroimaging, genetics, endocrinology, and moderators and mediators of treatment outcome.

[Advances in neuroimaging research on Asperger syndrome].

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (i.e., autism and Asperger syndrome) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, although its etiology is still unclear. Neuroimaging studies have attempted to identify the neurobiological basis of ASD. This article reviews recent progress in ASD research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). MRI studies documented structural and functional abnormalities in cerebella, the frontal lobes, the temporal lobes, and limbic systems of individuals with ASD. SPECT and PET studies suggested

Inner speech models of auditory verbal hallucinations: evidence from behavioural and neuroimaging studies.

A range of psychological theories have been proposed to account for the experience of auditory hallucinations in patients with psychosis. Influential amongst these theories are those implicating the defective monitoring of inner speech. Furthermore, self-monitoring and inner speech models have been the most studied using functional imaging. The aim of this article is to review the behavioural and neuroimaging evidence for the impaired monitoring of inner speech in patients who experience auditory verbal hallucinations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted for research investigating

Exploring the relationship between essential tremor and Parkinson's disease.

Although essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are considered distinct disorders, there is overlap in some clinical features. In some PD patients, a long-standing postural tremor in the hands may precede the onset of parkinsonian features by several years or decades. Furthermore, large families with both ET and PD phenotypes have been described and autopsy studies have demonstrated Lewy body pathology in brains of ET patients. Functional neuroimaging suggests that some ET patients have dopaminergic deficit. We examine here the evidence for and against an association between ET and…