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Prevalence and risk factors of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Cubal, Angola: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Although the Republic of Angola is one of the 14 countries figuring in the three high tuberculosis (TB) burden country lists, the true multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) situation is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients aged 16 years with a diagnosis of pulmonary TB were prospectively enrolled from June 2014 to July 2015. Sputum samples were collected for culture and drug susceptibility testing in all patients, and for Xpert® MTB/RIF testing in all previously treated patients and in new patients whose sputum remained smear-positive after 2 months of treatment. RESULTS: A total o…

[Obstructive tracheobronchitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus in an immunocompetent patient].

BACKGROUND: Aspergillus tracheobronchitis (ATB) is an uncommon type of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in which fungal involvement is limited to the tracheobronchial tree. While the more severe forms, such as pseudomembranous and ulcerative ATB, occur almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients, the milder obstructive form may occur in patients without immune deficiency. CASE REPORT: The case of a 32 year-old man with no previous history of illness, who was evaluated for recurrent right lower lobe pneumonia, is presented. Microbiological sputum studies revealed growth of Serratia marces…

Prolonged occupational exposure leads to allergic airway sensitization and chronic airway and systemic inflammation in professional firefighters.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Little data exist on short- and long-term effects of occupational exposure on airway and systemic inflammation in professional firefighters. We aimed to characterize airway and systemic inflammation in training firefighters with a maximum occupational exposure of 1 year compared to the long-term exposure of professional firefighters. METHODS: A questionnaire for symptoms and exposure, pulmonary function, atopy, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and markers of inflammation in induced sputum, serum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and bronchial biopsies were assessed…

Revisiting tuberculous pleurisy: pleural fluid characteristics and diagnostic yield of mycobacterial culture in an endemic area.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculous pleurisy is traditionally indicated by extreme lymphocytosis in pleural fluid and low yield of effusion culture. How … ulture (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99). The diagnostic yields were 63% for effusion culture, 48% for sputum culture, 79% for the combination of effusion and sputum cultures, and 74% for histological examination of pleural biopsy specimens. CONCLUSION: The degree of lymphocyte predominance in tuberculous pleurisy was lower than was previously thought. The …

HIV-related bronchiectasis in children: an emerging spectre in high tuberculosis burden areas.

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children have an eleven-fold risk of acute lower respiratory tract infection. This places HIV-infected children at risk of airway destruction and bronchiectasis. OBJECTIVE: To study predisposing factors for the development of bronchiectasis in a developing world setting. METHODS: Children with HIV-related bronchiectasis aged 6-14 years were enrolled. Data were collected on demographics, induced sputum for tuberculosis, respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus), influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1-3, adenovirus and cytomegalovirus…

Туберкулез среди взрослых, начинающих антиретровирусную терапию в Южной Африке: необходимость повседневного выявления случаев заболевания.

ЦЕЛЬ: Изучение распространенности и оценка методов диагностики недиагностированного туберкулеза (ТБ) среди взрослых, имеющих право на антиретровирусную терапию (АРТ), в Южной Африке. МЕТОДЫ: Отдельные лица проверялись на наличие туберкулеза с использованием симптомов, радиографа груди (CXR) и двух слюнтевых образцов для микроскопии и культуры, а затем в течение <6 месяцев за ними следовали для определения диагноза туберкулеза. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Из 361 участника (67 процентов женщин, средний возраст 38 лет, средний показатель CD4 120 клеток/мм(3)) 64 (18 процентов) были слюнной культурой положительно

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of and evaluate screening modalities for undiagnosed tuberculosis (TB) in antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligible adults in South Africa. METHODS: Individuals were screened for TB using symptoms, chest radiograph (CXR) and two sputum specimens for microscopy and culture, and were then followed for <6 months to determin…

[Basis for the clinical management of fire smoke poisoning "Docohumo Madrid 2010"].

Poisoning by smoke is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in fires. Smoke is a mixture of carbonaceous particles suspended in hot air and toxic gases. Of these, carbon monoxide (CO) and primarily hydrocyanic acid (CNH), are those that provoke tissue anoxia. The clinical manifestations of smoke poisoning are variables. Some of the potential manifestations could be: eye irritation, sore throat, laryngeal stridor, dysphagia, carbonaceous sputum, cough, dyspnea, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, coronary syndrome, coma, hypoxemia, lactic acidosis, cyanosis and death. In the assessment of these pat…

Risk of latent tuberculosis infection in children living in households with tuberculosis patients: a cross sectional survey in remote northern Lao People's Democratic Republic.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is highly prevalent in Laos (289 per 100,000). We evaluated the risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among children (0-15 years) living with tuberculosis patients in rural northern Laos. METHODS: In a cross sectional survey of 30 randomly selected villages, 72 tuberculosis patients were traced and their 317 contacts (148 were children) investigated using a questionnaire, a tuberculin skin tests (positive: > = 10 mm), a 3-day sputum examination for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and chest radiography. RESULTS: None of the 148 contact-children received prophylaxis, o…

Phenotypic and genotypic variant of MDR-Mycobacterium tuberculosis multiple isolates in the same tuberculosis episode, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Assuming that the IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) changes at a constant rate of 3.2 years, this methodology was applied to demonstrate, for the first time, variant patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in multiple isolates obtained at short time intervals from sputum and blood of an HIV+ patient with multiple admissions to the Emergency Room and to the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Reference Center of a secondary-care hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In sputum, the IS6110-RFLP appeared in isolates with two variant patterns with 10 and 13 IS6110 copi…

The clinical value of autofluorescence bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of lung cancer.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) in the routine work-up of lung cancer. Consecutive patients with atypical or suspicious cells in sputum or bronchial aspirate, no localising abnormality on chest radiography and nondiagnostic white-light bronchoscopic (WLB) results were recruited. WLB and AFB were performed sequentially during the same session. All abnormal areas detected by WLB, AFB or both were sampled and the biopsy specimens sent for histological examination. Sixty-two patients were recruited within the 32-month study period. Seventeen ha…

Hypoxemia: an early indication of pigeon breeders' disease. Clinical and laboratory findings among pigeon breeders in the Salonica area.

The purpose of this study is to identify pathological findings among pigeon breeders in the Salonica area. Fifty-four volunteer breeders with varying intensity of contact with pigeons participated in the study. All the breeders, after filling in a questionnaire that included questions about the existence of conjunctivitis, rhinitis, chronic cough and sputum, were subjected to clinical examination and spirometric, hematological (arterial and venous), radiographic and immunologic tests. Twenty-five point nine percent of the breeders suffered from conjunctivitis, 31.5% from rhinitis and 33.3% fro…

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare pulmonary infection in HIV-negative patients without preexisting lung disease: diagnostic and management limitations.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To review the experience of an outpatient pulmonary clinic with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) pulmonary disease … in 93%. Bronchoscopy or open lung biopsy for diagnosis was required in 45% because of nondiagnostic sputum cultures. At > or = 12 months, 50% failed therapy, 86% continued to be symptomatic, and 58% did not tolerate their initial multidrug regimen. CONCLUSIONS: These results emphasize the observed chronic nature of MAI pulmonary disease in this populati …

[rhDNase: scientific background, cloning and production].

Despite the hopes raised by the first attempts in gene therapy, direct correction of the defect in CFTR protein associated with cystic fibro … at enzymatic cleaving of DNA molecules by desoxyribonuclease (DNase) should reduce the viscosity of sputum, and slow or prevent the deterioration of pulmonary function. Using the techniques of molecular biology and genetic engineering, we identified the gene of human DNase I, which was cloned in mammalian cells to produce large amounts of a glycosylated …

The possibility of and need for getting definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis in children.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A study of tuberculosis in children was undertaken in the outpatient departments of four hospitals in Chennai cit … esenting to the outpatient departments. All children were tuberculin tested, and had a chest x-ray. Sputum examination or gastric lavage on two consecutive days was examined for M.TB by culture. RESULTS: All the investigations could be done with a coverage of over 90 %. Mantoux was positive in 64 % of the patients, but did not help distinguish those who …

Effect of Benralizumab on Mucus Plugs in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma.

INTRODUCTION: Mucus plugs are associated with airway obstruction in severe asthma and are involved in the formation of activated eosinophils … tly decreased after the introduction of benralizumab. The number of mucus plugs was correlated with sputum eosinophil percentage and eosinophil cationic protein in the sputum supernatants and inversely correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Benralizumab induction resulted in a marked decrease in blood and sputum eosinophil levels and a s …

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

INTRODUCTION: The 2019 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) recommend methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) coverage for patients with prior sputum isolation of MRSA. This study aimed to determine the impact of MRSA coverage on in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with CAP among whom MRSA was isolated. METHODS: Consecutive elderly patients who were admitted for CAP and had positive sputum culture for MRSA were retrospectively included, and the association between MRSA coverage and in-hospital morta…

Case report: Biliobronchial fistula after biliary tract stenosis.

Biliobronchial fistula (BBF) is a rare abnormality resulting from congenital or acquired communication between the bile ducts and the bronchial tree. Patients often suffer from chronic cough, dyspnea, and bilioptysis, a pathognomonic symptom of this condition. Conservative methods such as less-invasive procedures are gradually consolidating. Nonetheless, surgery remains the primary treatment, especially in more complex cases. We present the case of a 44-year-old woman with a chronic cough, no verified periods of fever, cyclic jaundice, and episodes of yellowish sputum. She had undergone cholec…

Bronchial Infection and Temporal Evolution of Bronchiectasis in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis (BE) impact the clinical course and prognosis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Yet, … n size and/or extension, and in 19.5% new BE emerged; and that (2) the presence of chronic purulent sputum (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3-5.8]), number of hospitalizations due to exacerbatons (HR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1-1.5]), and number of pathogenic microorganism (PPM) isolations (HR, 1.1 [95% CI, 1.02-1.3]) were independent risk …

Establishment of a New PNA-FISH Method for Aspergillus fumigatus Identification: First Insights for Future Use in Pulmonary Samples.

Aspergillus fumigatus is the main causative agent of Invasive Aspergillosis. This mold produces conidia that when inhaled by immunocompromized hosts can be deposited in the lungs and germinate, triggering disease. In this paper, the development of a method using peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) is described. The PNA-FISH probe was tested in several strains and a specificity and sensitivity of 100% was obtained. Detection of A. fumigatussensu stricto was then achieved in artificial sputum medium (ASM) pre-inoculated with 1 × 102 conidia·mL-1-1 × 103 conidia·mL-…

Nanoparticle-Based Biosensing Assay for Universally Accessible Low-Cost TB Detection with Comparable Sensitivity as Culture.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death globally, surpassing HIV. Furthermore, multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB have become global public health threats. Care of TB patients starts with quality, accessible, and affordable diagnosis. The study presents a novel technique called nanoparticle-based colorimetric biosensing assay (NCBA) based on the principles of magnetically activated cell enrichment. A total of 1108 sputum samples were subjected to sputum smear microscopy (SSM), NCBA, and standard culture. SSM and NCBA were completed in 20 min; culture was completed in…