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Degradation Acyclovir Using Sodium Hypochlorite: Focus on Byproducts Analysis, Optimal Conditions and Wastewater Application.

In recent years, the environmental impact of pharmaceutical residues has emerged as a pressing global concern, catalyzed by their widespread usage and persistence in aquatic ecosystems. Among these pharmaceuticals, acyclovir (ACV) stands out due to its extensive prescription during medical treatments for herpes simplex virus, chickenpox, and shingles, as well as its heightened usage amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. ACV is excreted largely unchanged by the human body, leading to significant environmental release through wastewater effluents. The urgency of addressing ACV's environmental impact lie…

Molecular Study of Varicella zoster virus in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Stroke Patients of Thi-Qar province.

INTRODUCTION: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a type of alpha-herpesvirus that specifically targets the nervous system. The initial infection, typically occurring during childhood, results in varicella (commonly known as chickenpox), after which the virus enters a dormant state in cranial nerve ganglia, dorsal root ganglia, and autonomic ganglia throughout the entire neuroaxis. AIM OF THE STUDY: Molecular and genetic studies of viruses are an important tool for virus development and identifying viral treatments to combat the diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the whole ORF4 seque…

Атипичная презентация вируса Вариселла-Зостер: доклад по делу.

Вирус варицелла-зостер (VZV) — нейротрофический альфа-герпесвирус, который затрагивает только людей. Будучи инфицированным (часто в детстве), VZV вызывает варицеллу (цыпленков), прежде чем стать бездействующим в черепном нерве (ХН) и дорсальной корневой ганглии. Он может возродиться через некоторое время, что приводит к появлению зостера (шинглов), за которым иногда следует постгерпетическая нейронгия. Этот случай показывает пациента, у которого смутно болит ухо, а также паралич ХН, в том числе ХН VIII, IX и Х, которому предшествует общий холодный симптом неделю назад. Вскоре после этого у нег

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotrophic alpha herpesvirus that only affects humans. Once infected (often in childhood), VZV causes varicella (chickenpox) before becoming dormant in the cranial nerve (CN) and dorsal root ganglia. It can reactivate after a period of time, resulting in zoster (shingles), which is occasionally followed by post-herpeti…

Disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection in an aplastic anemia- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria syndrome patient: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a common and widespread human-restricted pathogen. It is famous for its dermatological manifesta … nd immunosuppressants are prone to various infections, considering that herpes virus infection with chickenpox and rash as the initial manifestations is characterized by rapid progress and often accompanied by serious complications. It is more difficult to distinguish it from AA-PNH syndrome with skin bleeding points. If it is not identified in time, it may …

A novel recombinant ORF7-siRNA delivered by flexible nano-liposomes inhibits varicella zoster virus infection.

BACKGROUND: Varicella zoster virus (VZV), which is a human restricted alpha-herpesvirus, causes varicella (chickenpox) and zoster (shingles). The subsequent post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) due to VZV infection is excruciating for most patients. Thus, developing specific therapeutics against VZV infection is imperative. RNA interference (RNAi) represents an effective approach for alternative antiviral therapy. This study aimed to develop a novel anti-VZV therapeutics based on RNAi. RESULTS: In this study, we screened and found the open reading frame 7 (ORF7) of the VZV genome was an ideal antivi…

Thrombotic Microangiopathy Secondary to Disseminated Varicella Zoster Virus Infection in an Adult Patient.

BACKGROUND Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a life-threatening condition caused by small-vessel platelet microthrombi. While various dise … g, and bloody diarrhea. He also reported body rash after a recent contact with a few roommates with chickenpox. On presentation, the patient developed convulsive seizures. His laboratory test results were significant for acute kidney injury (AKI) and thrombocytopenia. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) wer …

Monkeypox: the resurgence of forgotten things.

Monkeypox, a rare zoonotic disease, is primarily prevalent in Central and Western Africa. However, monkeypox is emerging as a worldwide concern due to the 2022 monkeypox outbreak, which is the first instance of widespread community transmission outside Africa. Monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus and presents as a vesicular-pustular disease that may be preceded by fever, malaise, and other constitutional symptoms. If present, lymphadenopathy may distinguish it from chickenpox or smallpox. However, contrary to previous manifestations, most monkeyp…

Post-Varicella Neurological Complications: A Preliminary Observation from a Tertiary Care Centre of Eastern India.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to analyse detailed clinical presentations, imaging findings, and outcome in a series of 17 cases … form of ataxia (11.76%), myelopathy (17.6%), stroke (5.88%) and encephalitis (5.88%). CONCLUSION: Chickenpox is a common viral disease and most patients recover without any complication. Although rare, neurological complications following acute varicella infection may have myriad presentations ranging from lower motor neuron facial palsy to life-threatenin …

[Monkeypox: Epidemiological surveillance in the Muñiz Outpatient Monitoring Unit, Buenos Aires].

INTRODUCTION: Monkeypox (SV) is a zoonotic viral disease. Monkeypox virus belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. In 19 … ed, 56 cases were positive and 26 negative. Of the 26 negative cases, 7 cases (27%) corresponded to chickenpox, 4 cases (15%) to syphilis, and 2 cases (8%) to herpes zoster. CONCLUSIONS: The first symptoms began two to five days prior to consultation, the most frequent being fever, myalgia, asthenia, headache, and painful lymphadenopathy. Epidemiological su …

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis as a complication of primary varicella infection in a child, case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Chickenpox (Varicella) is a benign illness caused by varicella-zoster virus, predominant in childhood.Chicken pox related neurological complications are seen in less than 1% cases of chickenpox.Cerebral Venous thrombosis due to primary (VZV) infection is very rare, and it may occurs secondary to primary or re-activation the virus. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of 5-year-old female complained of ataxia, vomiting, headache, and drowsiness 7 days after the onset varicella zoster infection. She had vesicular lesions with scab over the trunk and limbs. CLINICAL …

Exploring the relationship between newspaper coverage of vaccines and childhood vaccination rates in Spain.

Background: Despite the effectiveness of vaccines being well established and recognized by the research community, eleven European countries … kept increasing. The most frequent themes were about the development of the Ebola vaccine, and the chickenpox and meningitis vaccine crises.Conclusions: Our findings expand the understanding of media role on vaccination and suggest that the media need to be considered as an important player during vaccination campaigns. The study points to the important edu …

Histopathological Study of a Broad Spectrum of Skin Dermatoses in Patients Affected or Highly Suspected of Infection by COVID-19 in the Northern Part of Italy: Analysis of the Many Faces of the Viral-Induced Skin Diseases in Previous and New Reported Cases.

Skin manifestations of COVID-19 infections are diverse and are new to the dermatology community. We had the opportunity to examine the clini … blains, targetoid lesions (erythema multiforme-like lesions), exanthema, maculohemorrhagic rash, or chickenpox-like lesions associated with the histopathological features mentioned previously should cause clinical dermatologists to suspect the possibility of COVID-19 infection, especially in patients with fever and cough.

Temporal trends in the incidence and demographics of cancers, communicable diseases, and non-communicable diseases in Saudi Arabia over the last decade.

To describe the trends in the incidence rates of 5 most common cancers, communicable diseases, and non-communicable diseases in Saudi Arabia … men and from 5.0 to 8.2 in women. Among communicable diseases, incidences of hepatitis B, measles, chickenpox, and brucellosis decreased while dengue fever increased. An alarming increase was observed in the incidence rate of non-communicable diseases namely, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Conclusion: The incidence rate of non-communicable diseases in …

Cost-effectiveness of Varicella Vaccination Program in Iran.

BACKGROUND: Varicella zoster virus is the etiologic agent of primary varicella (chickenpox) during childhood, and varicella vaccination has not been introduced in Iran. The aim of this study is to estimate cost-effectiveness of one- and two-dose Varicella Vaccination Program in Iran. METHODS: A decision-tree model was conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the Varicella Vaccination Program in a cohort of 12 months children in Iran. Epidemiologic parameters of varicella were extracted from local and international sources, and cost of disease was estimated based on societal prospective…

Deep Sequencing of Distinct Preparations of the Live Attenuated Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine Reveals a Conserved Core of Attenuating Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms.

UNLABELLED: The continued success of the live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine in preventing varicella-zoster and herpes zoster is … V live vaccines are extremely stable. IMPORTANCE: The continued success of vaccinations to prevent chickenpox and shingles, combined with the extremely low incidence of adverse reactions, indicates the quality of these vaccines. The vaccine itself is comprised of a heterogeneous live attenuated virus population and thus requires deep-sequencing technologies …

Attitudinal variables and a possible mediating mechanism for vaccination practice in health care workers of a local hospital in L'Aquila (Italy).

Active immunization is an important concern for health care workers (HCWs) susceptible subjects and potential sources of infection for patie … tionnaire, self-report data about history of disease and active vaccination for seasonal influenza, chickenpox, measles-mumps-rubella and hepatitis B were collected, as well as attitudes and knowledge about vaccination in HCWs. The employees showed high levels of susceptibility and insufficient vaccination coverage rates, particularly for influenza. Specific …

Outcome of Dermal Grafting in the Management of Atrophic Facial Scars.

BACKGROUND: Scars over the face are cosmetically and psychologically disturbing. Various techniques have been described and are being practiced in the management of these scars. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to study the safety, effectiveness of using dermal grafts as fillers in the management of facial scars due to acne, chickenpox, trauma or any others. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with atrophic facial scars of varied aetiology and willing for surgery were considered for dermal graft technique. After pre-operative workup, subcision was done 2 weeks before planne…

Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Expression Induced by Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection Results in the Modulation of Virus Replication.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is an important viral pathogen that is responsible for causing varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles). VZV has been shown to suppress early anti-viral innate immune responses, but the exact mechanisms are not yet well understood. Here we demonstrate that host control of VZV is impaired by the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3. We used three different cell types to characterize VZV-induced anti-viral and inflammatory responses. Infection of human fibroblasts (MRC-5) and human macrophages (THP-1) with VZV triggered upregulation of an…

Children Hospitalized for Varicella: Complications and Cost Burden.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the direct medical cost of hospital admissions for patients with varicella (i.e., chickenpox) to assess the cost burden of varicella from a health care perspective for ultimate use in health economics studies in Turkey. METHODS: Records of children hospitalized with varicella at the Bakirkoy Maternity and Children's Hospital between November of 2006 and June of 2011 were reviewed. Reasons for hospitalization, types of varicella-associated complications, and direct medical cost of hospitalization were noted. Patients with underlying risk factors were excluded. Data obtai…

Chemical reconstruction of skin scars therapy using 100% trichloroacetic Acid in the treatment of atrophic facial post varicella scars: a pilot study.

CONTEXT: Chickenpox (varicella) is a common viral disease caused by Varicella zoster virus. Facial atrophic scars after varicella infection are not uncommon and pose a cosmetic problem. Like atrophic scars of other aetiologies, they are a difficult condition to treat. There are not enough references in the literature regarding efficient treatment of post varicella scars. High strength Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), which is known to cause dermal collagen remodelling, was used to treat varicella scars in the present study. AIMS: The study was undertaken to assess the efficiency of Chemical Recons…