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Integrated Downstream Analysis and Epidemiological Modelling of Hantavirus Infection: From Host Transcriptomics to Transmission Dynamics.

Hantaviruses are emerging zoonotic pathogens responsible for two severe clinical syndromes: (i) haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and (ii) hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), collectively causing more than 200,000 human cases annually worldwide. Despite their public-health importance, the molecular mechanisms governing the host response and the population-level dynamics of rodent-to-human spillover remain incompletely characterised. The timeliness of this framework is underscored by the April-May 2026 outbreak of Andes orthohantavirus aboard the MV Hondius cruise ship, the

Сравнительное транскриптомное профилирование человеческих конъюнктурных эпителиальных клеток и макрофаг в ответ на геномы хламидии trachomatis A и B в циклах раннего и среднего заражения.

Хламидия трахоматис (Ct) — внутриклеточный бактерий, являющийся главной причиной слепоты через трахому. Ct проходит уникальный бифазный цикл развития между инфекционными элементарными телами и копированием тел ретикулирующих, манипулируя носителями клеток через секретные белки. Хотя предыдущие исследования характеризовали взаимодействие между хост-патогенами, в том числе транскриптомы врожденных генов Ct E и L2, существуют ограниченные исследования окулярных генов Ct. В рамках этого исследования изучалась транскриптическая реакция клеток человека в конъюнктуре эпителии (HCjE) и дифференцирован

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the primary infectious cause of blindness through trachoma. Ct undergoes … manipulating host cells via secreted effector proteins. Whilst previous studies have characterised host-pathogen interactions including transcriptomes of urogenital Ct genovars E and L2, limited studies exist on ocular Ct genovars. This study examined transcriptomic responses of human conjunctival epithelial (HCjE) cells and PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages to infectio …

Molecular mechanisms underlying Nocardia host interactions.

Nocardia species are opportunistic pathogens that cause localized and disseminated infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Despite their clinical importance, the molecular mechanisms underlying Nocardia pathogenicity remain incompletely understood. This review summarizes current advances in Nocardia virulence factors, host immune responses, and intracellular survival strategies. A diverse array of virulence factors enables Nocardia to invade host cells, circumvent immune defenses, and maintain persistence within host tissues, including mammalian cell entry (Mce) proteins, an

Effluxosomes and the evolution of metal resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

During infection, host immune cells deploy a variety of strategies to neutralize invading pathogens, including the manipulation of metal availability, a process traditionally understood as nutritional immunity. While depriving microbes of essential metals, such as iron and manganese, inhibits their growth, host cells also engage in metal intoxication, actively overloading phagosomes with toxic levels of transition metals, such as copper and zinc. To survive these dual pressures, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, has evolved specialized metal resistance mechanis

Rickettsia parkeri subverts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolic pathway for its survival in endothelial cells.

Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease in humans. The bacterium R. parkeri is primarily transmitted to humans by the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum. Upon transmission to the host, R. parkeri infects and multiplies in host endothelial cells. In this study, we provide evidence that R. parkeri modulates the host nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) pathway for its survival in endothelial cells. Analysis performed with arrays containing antibodies against proteins involved in different metabolic pathways revealed increased levels of BST1 (an NAD+-dependent mol

Therapeutic significance of surface-exposed virulence factors in Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenicity.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a rapidly evolving opportunistic pathogen that has developed strategies to resist multiple antimicrobials and eva … sent on the surface of A. baumannii and evaluate its role in bacterial survival, pathogenicity, and host-pathogen interactions, while also exploring its potential as a therapeutic target. A scoping review of the published literature was conducted to address the structure, function, and host-interaction dynamics of surface-associated virulence factors and secreted outer memb …

Different roads to the brain: A brief overview of divergent pathways and convergent mechanisms in amoebic neuroinvasion.

Free-living amoebae such as Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Naegleria fowleri are opportunistic protists capable of causing devastating infections of the central nervous system. Although these organisms differ in ecology, morphology, and clinical progression, they converge on shared strategies that enable adhesion, immune evasion, and neuroinvasion. Here, we briefly present a comparative analysis of their routes of entry, molecular determinants, and neuropathogenic mechanisms with an eye to understand parallel and divergent pathways. A complete understanding of shared and disti

Viral persistence and host-state remodeling in virus-associated cancers.

Virus-associated cancers are not defined mechanistically by viral detection alone. To address this problem, this review organizes evidence around four related but non-equivalent analytical axes rather than around individual viruses. The first two address retained-product dependence and the regulatory architecture of retained viral material. The other two address host-state memory after viral suppression or clearance and tissue-level immune or stromal selection. Across tumor-virus systems, these questions encompass continued viral-product expression, latency, episomal or proviral genome mainten

NeuroViOme: a viral orfeome collection for studies of neurodegenerative disease.

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pose a global health challenge due to their progressive course and lack of curative therapies. These conditions lead to severe neurological decline, significantly impacting patient independence and quality of life, and ultimately result in lethal outcome. Emerging evidence suggests that viral infections contribute to the onset and progression of these neurological diseases, Leblanc and Vorberg (PLoS Pathog 18:e1010670, 2022), either by directly inducing neuro

Research Advances on Molecular Mechanisms of Complement Regulatory Factor Vitronectin-Mediated Immune Escape of Pathogens.

Vitronectin (Vn) is a complement regulatory component found in humans and a variety of animals. It can inhibit the formation of membrane attack complexes in the complement system. Studies have shown that a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including Yersinia pestis, dengue viruses, Plasmodium and Candida albicans, may recruit Vn on the surface of pathogens and inhibit the killing effect of the complement system in the host. After entering the body, pathogenic microorganisms may attach to and infect target cells through multiple pathogenic mechanisms. Meanwhile, the body will attack the inv

Bacterial protein secretion systems: Mechanisms, functions, and roles in virulence.

Bacterial secretion systems are molecular nanomachines that mediate host-pathogen interactions, antibiotic resistance, and bacterial survival in diverse environments. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the major bacterial protein transport systems, including conserved export pathways (Sec and Tat) and specialized multi-component secretion machineries (type I-XI). These systems mediate the secretion of diverse substrates, such as toxins, adhesins, and enzymes, essential for bacterial virulence, immune evasion, and interbacterial competition. Special emphasis has been given to the in…

Pathogenesis Induced by Influenza Virus Infection: Role of the Early Events of the Infection and the Innate Immune Response.

Infections by influenza A virus (IAV) are a significant cause of global mortality. The pathogenesis of the infection is usually studied in terms of direct viral-induced damage or the overreactive immune response that continues after the virus is cleared. However, factors such as the initial infectious dose, the early response after infection in different cell types, and the presence of autoantibodies for relevant antiviral cytokines like type I IFNs seem to influence the course of the infection and lead to fatal outcomes. In this article, we address the current knowledge about the early events

Mannan is a context-dependent shield that modifies virulence in Nakaseomyces glabratus.

Fungal-host interaction outcomes are influenced by how the host recognizes fungal cell wall components. Mannan is a major cell wall carbohydrate and can be a glycoshield that blocks the inner cell wall β-1,3-glucan from activating pro-inflammatory immune responses. Disturbing this glycoshield in Candida albicans results in enhanced antifungal host responses and reduced fungal virulence. However, deletions affecting mannan synthesis can lead to systemic hypervirulence for Nakaseomyces glabratus (formerly Candida glabrata) suggesting that proper mannan architecture dampens virulence for this org

Efficient cell model for assessing inflammatory responsive genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may induce immunopathology with extensive lung damage in hosts. To elucidate the dynamics of co-infection Mtb and SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on inflammatory mediators' expression, we conducted a study to evaluate A549, lung epithelial cells, as a potential model for hosting both pathogens simultaneously. Cell infection initiated with Mtb H37Rv and following a 24-h incubation period, the cells were then infected with SARS-CoV-2. After a 72 h incubation period, a precision test was conducted for both

CRISPR-Cas: a game-changer in vaccine development and the fight against viral infections.

Understanding the mechanisms of virus-host interactions is crucial for advancing our knowledge of viral pathogenesis and developing effective antiviral strategies. As novel, highly virulent pathogens continue to emerge, overcoming the challenges in virus-host biology and infection control is more important than ever. The CRISPR-Cas system has revolutionized genetic engineering, offering a precise and efficient application in synthetic biology. It is also invaluable in virology research, diagnostics, and antiviral therapeutics. In this review, we explore the latest advances in CRISPR-Cas-based

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Gemykibivirus Infection Induces Mitochondrial DNA Release in HEK293T Cells.

Gemykibivirus, an emerging single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus of the recently established genus in the family of Genomoviridae, had been discovered in human blood and cerebrospinal fluid and a variety of other body fluids. However, the molecular mechanisms of gemykibivirus entrance into the host cells and its pathogenicity remain poorly understood. To investigate the host response of gemykibivirus, we used an infectious clone of gemykibivirus previously established through molecular biology techniques to rescue virus in HEK293T cells and analyzed the changes in the host transcriptome during the

Narrative review of the association between gut microbiota and peripheral artery disease (PAD).

It has been posited that the inflammatory process seen in atherosclerosis is underpinned by gut dysbiosis. Dysbiosis refers to alterations in the function, composition, and diversity of the human gut microbiota, all of which are influenced by endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Currently there is limited literature describing the association between gut microbiota and peripheral artery disease (PAD). This review summarizes the evidence surrounding the role of gut microbiota in the initiation of atherosclerosis (through direct infection of atherosclerotic plaque or systemic immune response to bac

Human cytomegalovirus induces neuronal gene expression through IE1 for viral maturation.

Viral invasion of the host cell causes some of the most dramatic changes in biology. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) extensively remodels host cells, altering nuclear shape and generating a cytoplasmic viral-induced assembly compartment (vIAC). How these striking morphology changes occur in the context of host gene regulation is still emerging. Histone variant macroH2A1 is both important for maintaining nuclear integrity and functions to promote herpes simplex virus infection. Therefore, we hypothesized it may also function in cytomegalovirus infection. Here, we discovered that macroH2A1 is neces

Infections of Aedes Mosquito Cells by Wolbachia Strains wAu and wMelpop Modulate Host Cellular Transcriptomes Differently and Suppress Dengue Viral Replication.

Dengue virus serotypes 1-4 (DENV1-4) have spread through tropical and subtropical countries, causing endemic and epidemic diseases. Recently, a novel field approach using the Wolbachia symbiont was proposed to suppress DENV transmission via the mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Previously, we showed that a Wolbachia strain, wMelPop, suppresses DENV2 replication in the C6/36 albopictus cell line, with the mutant DENV2 appearing and replacing the wild type DENV2. In this study, we expanded the analysis to include replications of all DENV serotypes 1-4, effects of wAu Wolbachia

Neuropathogenesis of Encephalitic Alphaviruses in Non-Human Primate and Mouse Models of Infection.

Encephalitic alphaviruses, including eastern, Venezuelan, and western equine encephalitis virus (EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV, respectively) are New … n biomedical research, where physiologically relevant models are required to study pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. Here, we review the literature to examine nonhuman primate (NHP) and mouse models of infection for EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV. We provide a brief overview of relevant background information for each virus, including geography, epidemiology, and clinical …