Результаты поиска

Effect of the CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 on remyelination of corpus callosum in a cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse model.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Despite introducing multiple immunomodulatory approaches for MS, there are still major concerns about possible ways for improving remyelination in this disease. Microglia exert essential roles in regulation of myelination processes, and interaction between colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) with its receptor CSF1R is considered as a key regulator of microglial differentiation and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate possible roles for a CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 in recovery of cent…

Defining the role of olfactory ensheathing cells in facilitating axon remyelination following damage to the spinal cord.

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are unique cells that are responsible for the successful regeneration of olfactory axons throughout the life of adult mammals. More than a decade of research has shown that implantation of OECs may be a promising therapy for damage to the nervous system, including spinal cord injury. Based on this research, several clinical trials worldwide have been initiated that use autologous transplantation of olfactory tissue containing OECs into the damaged spinal cord of humans. However, research from several laboratories has challenged the widely held belief that OEC

Spontaneous and induced remyelination in multiple sclerosis and the Theiler's virus model of central nervous system demyelination.

Remyelination in the central nervous system, originally thought to occur rarely, if ever, is now an established phenomena in multiple sclerosis patients. However, the extent of myelin repair is incomplete and limited. Experimental models of central nervous system demyelination provide an opportunity to study the cellular and molecular events involved in remyelination. These models may provide some clue to why remyelination in multiple sclerosis is incomplete as well as suggest potential methods to stimulate central nervous system repair. In this review we examine the morphological aspects of c…

In Situ Photo‑Crosslinked Functional Bilayer Hydrogel Modulates Local Microenvironment and Remyelination After Optic Nerve Injury.

Optic nerve injury often causes irreversible vision loss due to limited self-regeneration capacity, persistent neuroinflammation, and failed remyelination. Current therapies partially promote axonal regeneration but rarely achieve meaningful visual recovery, limited mainly by unstable myelin reconstruction and inadequate injury microenvironment modulation. Here, we developed a photo-crosslinkable bilayer hydrogel system (GO/GI@MPDA-Cle). Its outer layer (GM-Odex) provides strong wet tissue adhesion for optic nerve sheath sealing, while the inner layer (GM-imid) enables sustained local release …

Early Anti-CD20 and CNS Penetrant BTK Inhibition to Enhance OPC-Driven Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis.

Disability in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) increasingly accrues through Progression Independent of Relapse Activity (PIRA), driven by compartment … ive MRI metrics, such as myelin water fraction and magnetization transfer, to quantify lesion-level remyelination. Functional readouts for trials, including visual evoked potential latency, offer complementary measures of repair. Patient selection bifurcates into active relapsing MS, suited to upfront anti-CD20 therapy to maximise salvageable substrate, and non …

Combined clemastine fumarate and selenomethionine promote remyelination via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in experimental multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterized by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, axonal injury, and progressive loss of myelin. Although currently available disease-modifying therapies effectively suppress immune activity, their ability to promote remyelination and neurological recovery remains limited. Clemastine fumarate (CMF), a first-generation antihistamine, has demonstrated remyelinating potential through the promotion of oligodendrocyte maturation, whereas selenomethionine (SLM), a selenium-containing antioxidant, may attenuate o…

Regeneration and remyelination promoting effects of spinal cord stimulation following spinal cord injury: A scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts crucial neural pathways and causes severe neurological deficits that impact the quality of life. Although preliminary research has shown some promise of Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) in promoting axonal regeneration and remyelination, a clear understanding of the pertinent literature remains lacking. This scoping review consolidates evidence on the effects of SCS in promoting axonal growth and myelin development, preserving spared tissue integrity, and facilitating functional recovery following SCI. METHODS: Pre-clinical studies from 1946 to 202…

β-Endorphin Mediates ElectronicAcupunccuration-Institutioned Remieliation с помощью модуляции линии нейронных стволовых клеток в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломиэлите.

AIMS: Для эффективной ремиилизации множественных склерозов (MS) требуется как распространение эндогенных нейронных стволовых клеток (NSC), так и их специфическая дифференциация на олигодендроциты потомства (OPC). Цель этого исследования заключалась в изучении вопроса о том, способствует ли электроакустация (ЭА) распространению NSC и дифференцированию OFC с помощью β-эндорфина (β-EP) с помощью опиоидного сигнала в мусриновой модели MS. МЕТОДЫ: Экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит (EAE) был индуцирован в мышах C57BL/6 для моделирования MS. Ежедневно в Зусанли (ST36) использовалась стиму

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
AIMS: Effective remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) requires both the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) and their lineage-specific differentiation into oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). This study aimed to investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) promoted NSC proliferation and OPC differentiation via β-endorphin (β-EP)-media…

Promoting remyelination in central nervous system diseases: Potentials and prospects of natural products and herbal medicine.

Myelin damage is frequently associated with central nervous system (CNS) diseases and is a critical factor influencing neurological function … ial cells. Furthermore, we summarize the natural products and herbal medicine currently employed in remyelination along with their mechanisms of action, highlighting the potential and challenges of certain natural compounds to enhance myelin repair. This review aims to facilitate the expedited development of innovative therapeutics derived from natural products …

Effects of disease-modifying therapies on remyelination in multiple sclerosis; evaluation via visual evoked potential test.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of the visual pathway, which is frequently affected by MS, provides the opportunity to measure the remyelination of acute and chronic MS lesions in vivo and non-invasively. VEP can be used in this context. Amplitude is a parameter of axonal loss, whereas latency is an in vivo biomarker of myelin repair. This study aimed to evaluate DMT's neuroprotective and pro-remyelinating potential by evaluating VEP latency and amplitude in MS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 74 patients with relapsing MS who had no evidence of optic neuritis were included in the study. Pa…

Impact of calcitriol and PGD2-G-loaded lipid nanocapsules on oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and remyelination.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in need of a curative treatment. MS research has recently focused on the development of pro-remyelinating treatments and neuroprotective therapies. Here, we aimed at favoring remyelination and reducing neuro-inflammation in a cuprizone mouse model of brain demyelination using nanomedicines. We have selected lipid nanocapsules (LNC) coated with the cell-penetrating peptide transactivator of translation (TAT), loaded with either a pro-remyelinating compound, calcitriol (Cal-LNC TAT), or an ant…

Sodium phenylbutyrate inhibits Schwann cell inflammation via HDAC and NFκB to promote axonal regeneration and remyelination.

BACKGROUND: Epigenetic regulation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) in Schwann cells (SCs) after injury facilitates them to undergo de- and re … of extended inflammation on the regenerative potential of nerves by assessing axonal regeneration, remyelination, and reinnervation. RESULTS: Significant reductions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα]) expression and secretion were observed in vitro following PBA treatment. PBA treatment also affected …

Astrocyte ablation induced by La-aminoadipate (L-AAA) potentiates remyelination in a cuprizone demyelinating mouse model.

Chronic demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) is accompanied by an increase in the number of reactive astrocytes and astrogliosis. There are controversial issues regarding astrocytes and their roles in demyelinating diseases in particular for multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to evaluate possible roles for pharmacologic astrocyte ablation strategy using La-aminoadipate (L-AAA) on remyelination in a cuprizone model of demyelination. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with 0.2% cuprizone for 12 weeks followed by 2-week administration of L-AAA through a cannula inserted 1 mm above the corpus …

Quantitative temporal changes in DTI values coupled with histological properties in cuprizone-induced demyelination and remyelination.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is widely used to evaluate microstructural variations in brain tissue. In particular, fractional anisotropy (FA), reflecting the magnitude and orientation of anisotropic water diffusion, allows us to detect pathological events in white matter. An ex vivo DTI study coupled with histological assessment is an efficient strategy to evaluate the myelination process, i.e. demyelination and remyelination. The relationship between DTI values and myelin content or the individual cellular components such as oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes during both processes …

Central Nervous System Demyelination and Remyelination is Independent from Systemic Cholesterol Level in Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis.

High dietary fat and/or cholesterol intake is a risk factor for multiple diseases and has been debated for multiple sclerosis. However, chol … rences in clinical course, inflammatory response, astrocytosis, and the amount of demyelination and remyelination in the spinal cord of TMEV-infected animals. The results suggest that down-regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis is a transcriptional marker for demyelination, quantitative loss of myelin-specific lipids, but not cholesterol occurs late in chronic …

Stimulation of monocytes, macrophages, and microglia by amphotericin B and macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes remyelination.

Approaches to stimulate remyelination may lead to recovery from demyelinating injuries and protect axons. One such strategy is the activation of immune cells with clinically used medications, since a properly directed inflammatory response can have healing properties through mechanisms such as the provision of growth factors and the removal of cellular debris. We previously reported that the antifungal medication amphotericin B is an activator of circulating monocytes, and their tissue-infiltrated counterparts and macrophages, and of microglia within the CNS. Here, we describe that amphoterici…

Diosgenin promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation through estrogen receptor-mediated ERK1/2 activation to accelerate remyelination.

Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes is a prerequisite for remyelination after demyelination, and impairment of this process is suggested to be a major reason for remyelination failure. Diosgenin, a plant-derived steroid, has been implicated for therapeutic use in many diseases, but little is known about its effect on the central nervous system. In this study, using a purified rat OPC culture model, we show that diosgenin significantly and specifically promotes OPC differentiation without affecting the viability, proliferation, or migration of…

Sequential myelin protein expression during remyelination reveals fast and efficient repair after central nervous system demyelination.

To understand the mechanisms of remyelination and the reasons for regeneration failure is one of the major challenges in multiple sclerosis research. This requires a good knowledge and reliable analysis of experimental models. This work was undertaken to characterize the pattern of myelin protein expression during experimental remyelination. Acute demyelination of the corpus callosum was induced by feeding of 0.3% cuprizone for 6 weeks, followed by a 10-week remyelination period. We used a combination of Luxol fast blue (LFB) myelin staining, electron microscopy (EM) and immunohistochemistry f…

Long-term remyelination after optic neuritis: A 2-year visual evoked potential and psychophysical serial study.

Thirty-one patients were followed-up, at 3-month intervals for the first year and at 6-month intervals for the second year, after an episode … vity deterioration. Taken in conjunction, the two studies suggest that recovery processes involving remyelination or, possibly, ion channel reorganization proceed for at least 2 years. The concurrent effects of insidious demyelination and/or axonal degeneration (also occurring in the fellow optic nerve) are initially masked by the recovery process, but graduall …

Anti-GM1 antibodies and impaired blood-nerve barrier may interfere with remyelination in multifocal motor neuropathy.

Multifocal motor neuropathy has pure motor manifestation and nonremittent clinical courses. Antiganglioside antibodies, though variable in titers, are characteristically elevated in the majority of these patient. In our cases, pathological findings at the site of conduction block suggested impaired remyelination and disruption of blood-nerve barrier. These findings lead us to postulate that antibodies toward gangliosides or toward unknown antigens containing gangliosides initiate motor-specific demyelination. The lesion, once produced, may persist as a result of impaired remyelination caused b…