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Discovery of novel peptidic dopamine transporter ligands by screening a positional scanning combinatorial hexapeptide library.

The acute reinforcing effects of cocaine are thought by some to result from cocaine binding to the dopamine (DA) transporter, which inhibits DA uptake and increases synaptic DA levels in the mesolimbic system. Other data suggest that neurotransmitters other than DA contribute to cocaine reinforcement and addiction. These considerations illustrate the need to have additional research tools with which to test the "DA hypothesis." One strategy is to identify drugs which bind to the DA transporter (DAT ligands) but which do not inhibit DA uptake as effectively as cocaine. The purpose of the presen

Chronic ethanol consumption: from neuroadaptation to neurodegeneration.

In this review first we evaluate evidence on the role of the neurobiological alterations induced by chronic ethanol consumption in the devel … es, basal forebrain, frontal cortex and cerebellum, while other subcortical structures, such as the caudate nucleus, seem to be relatively spared. The neuropathological alterations in the function of mesencephalic and cortical structures are correlated with impairments in cognitive processes. In the brain of alcoholics, the prefrontal cortex and its subterritorie …

Effects of bilirubin infusion on local cerebral glucose utilization in the immature rat.

The clinical features of kernicterus have been extensively described. However, there are still no data available on a possible correlation b … ally at P10, the distribution of LCMRglc's was strikingly heterogeneous in both cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus, appearing as alternate dark and white columns or as alternate dark and light dots, respectively. The data of the present study are in agreement with clinical observations reporting that bilirubin mostly accumulates in the striatum and cranial nerve …

Carcinogenesis and the central nervous system.

Wistar rats were injected with the carcinogen 3-MC. The effect of psychoactive drugs on tumor-bearing rats was examined with respect to tumo … and hippocampus and a reduced concentration of monoamines or their metabolites in hypothalamus and caudate nucleus. Long-term treatment with piracetam or imipramine again arrested all these changes. More recently, we achieved good results with the combination of CNS drugs and cAMP agonists. We therefore conclude that carcinogenesis interferes with the metabolism …

Pars compacta of the substantia nigra modulates motor activity but is not involved importantly in regulating food and water intake.

Precise, bilateral radio-frequency lesions of pars compacta of the substantia nigra in rats resulted in the immediate and sustained appearance of hyperactivity, but such lesions did not produce significant alterations in food or water intake. These behavioral effects were correlated with considerable, histochemically assessed loss of dopamine terminals in the caudate-putamen complex, but dopamine innervation in nucleus accumbens and other forebrain areas was only slightly affected. The magnitude of motor activity increase was positively correlated with the degree of pars compacta involvement.

Projections to the inferior olive of the cat. I. Comparisons of input from the dorsal column nuclei, the lateral cervical nucleus, the spino-olivary pathways, the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum.

The present experiments compare the projections from the dorsal column nuclei (DCN), the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN), the spino-olivary pathways (SO), the motor cortex (Ms1) and the cerebellum (CB) to the inferior olive of the cat. A differential labeling strategy was used for these comparisons. It was found that projections from the contralateral DCN and LCN and the ipsilateral SO overlap extensively with each other in the dorsal accessory division of the inferior olive and the caudal half of the medial accessory olive. Projections from the contralateral motor cortex partially overlap thes

CNS Modulation of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase in Parkinson's disease and metabolic encephalopathies.

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity was assayed radioenzymatically in various regions of post-mortem brains of human individuals without neur … as opposed by decreased striatal TH activity, probably due to cerebral ischemia. TH activity in the caudate nucleus of individuals with both hepatic and diabetic coma were within normal ranges, suggesting a sufficient energy supply of the brain during such metabolic catastrophes, while reduced brain TH activity in patients with hepatic coma who died of acute gast …

Association Between Atrophy of the Caudate Nuclei, Global Brain Atrophy, Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Mild Parkinsonian Signs in Neurologically and Cognitively Healthy Subjects Aged 45-84 Years: A Crosssectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Mild Parkinsonian signs (MPS) are commonly seen in aging, and have been related to cerebral Small Vessel Diseases (SVD) with no univocal results. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional relation between MPS and White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, caudate atrophy, and global cerebral atrophy in a large cohort of Neurologically and Cognitively Healthy (NCH) aging individuals. METHOD: 1,219 NCH individuals were included in the analysis, and underwent standard brain MRI. The items of the motor section of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating

Alterations of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the brain of rats chronically exposed to lead acetate.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) allows the assessment of the water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), a measure of tissue water diffusivity which is altered during different pathological conditions such as cerebral oedema. By means of DWI, we repeatedly measured in the same rats apparent diffusion coefficient ADC in different brain areas (motor cortex (MCx), somato-sensory cortex (SCx), caudate-putamen (CPu), hippocampus (Hip), mesencephalic reticular formation (RF), corpus callosum (CC) and cerebellum (Cb)) after 1 week, 4 and 12 weeks of lead acetate exposure via drinking water (50 or 50

High levels of dopamine D2 receptors in unaffected members of alcoholic families: possible protective factors.

CONTEXT: Predisposition to alcoholism is likely an interaction between genetic and environmental factors that confer vulnerability and protection. Alcoholic subjects have low levels of dopamine D(2) receptors in striatum, and increasing D(2) receptor levels in laboratory animals reduces alcohol consumption. OBJECTIVES: To test whether high levels of D(2) receptors may be protective against alcoholism and whether this is mediated by their modulation of activity in orbitofrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus (regions involved in salience attribution, emotional reactivity, and inhibitory control).

Behavioral and neurochemical effects induced by subchronic combined exposure to toluene at 40 ppm and noise at 80 dB-A in rats.

We investigated whether exposure to noise, in addition to its well-known potentiating effect on toluene-induced ototoxicity, may also exacerbate behavioral disturbances and brain neurochemical alterations produced by subchronic exposure to low toluene concentration. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated whether subchronic combined exposure (16 weeks, 104 h per week) to noise at 80 dB-A and toluene at 40 ppm potentiates the recently reported neurotoxic effects of subchronic exposure to 40 ppm toluene. Locomotor and rearing activities, sensitization to narcosis induced by acute toluene at high c

Striatal enkephalin gene expression does not reflect parkinsonian signs.

Loss of striatal dopamine has been associated with an increase in striatal enkephalin expression. However, the relationship between increased striatal enkephalin expression and the manifestation of parkinsonian motor deficits is not clear. Administration of MPTP to cats produces a severe parkinsonian condition from which the animals spontaneously recover. Using in situ hybridization histochemistry, preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA expression was examined in the striatum of cats when normal, symptomatic for or spontaneously recovered from MPTP-induced parkinsonism. In all areas of the striatum, PPE

Transient regression of an intracranial germ cell tumour after intravenous steroid administration: a case report.

Magnetic resonance imaging showed transient regression of the lesion after intravenous steroid administration in a patient with intracranial multifocal germ cell tumour. Prominent lymphocyte infiltration of the tumour was seen at histological examination and presumably accounts for the regression. Germ cell tumour must be included in the differential diagnosis of intracranial mass lesions sensitive to steroids.

Association of Brain Reward Learning Response With Harm Avoidance, Weight Gain, and Hypothalamic Effective Connectivity in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa.

IMPORTANCE: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with adolescent onset, severe low body weight, and high mortality as well as high harm avoidance. The brain reward system could have an important role in the perplexing drive for thinness and food avoidance in AN. OBJECTIVE: To test whether brain reward learning response to taste in adolescent AN is altered and associated with treatment response, striatal-hypothalamic connectivity, and elevated harm avoidance. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cross-sectional multimodal brain imaging study, adolescents and young adults with AN were mat

[Segawa disease (hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation-HPD) and abnormalities in pteridin metabolism].

From its characteristic clinical features, decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the terminal of the nigrostriatal (NS) dopamine (DA) neu … disease, but subdivisionally different with predominant reduction in the ventral subdivision of the caudate nucleus. In the ventral part of the basal ganglia the striatal direct projection exists predominantly. Cases with recessive abnormalities of pteridin metabolism other than HPD, 6-pyruvoyl-tetra-hydropterin synthase (PSPS) deficiency and dihydropteridine red …

Subcortical alterations following pediatric posterior fossa brain tumor treatment: A longitudinal MRI study.

BACKGROUND: Increasing survival rates in pediatric brain tumor patients highlight the importance of understanding treatment-related neurodevelopmental consequences. The posterior fossa is a primary site for many of these tumors, which are treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy that could impact brain function and structure. This retrospective longitudinal study examines changes in subcortical brain structures of pediatric posterior fossa tumor patients over five years post-diagnosis and compares patients who were treated for low- and high-grade tumors. METHODS: We analyz

Прогноз постгерпетической невралгии у пациентов с острой и субакутативной герпетической невралгией с использованием структурной магнитной резонации: ретроспективное исследование.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Настоящее исследование позволило объединить структурное магнитно-резонансное изображение мозга с клиническими характеристиками для выявления "уязвимых районов мозга" и факторов риска, связанных с развитием постгерпетической нейронгии (PHN) у пациентов с острой и субацетической герпетической невралгией. Кроме того, в ходе исследования были изучены совокупные прогнозные характеристики этих нейроимулирующих и клинических показателей. МЕТОДЫ: В период с февраля 2023 года по январь 2025 года было зарегистрировано в общей сложности 214 госпитализированных пациентов с острой и субнасыщенной

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: This study integrated structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) of the brain with clinical characteristics to identify the … tal gyrus, lentiform nucleus (globus pallidus); and the bilateral cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and caudate nucleus (P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate [FDR] method). The combined model integrating T1-weighted MRI features and clinical characteristics achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.748 (95% CI 0.677-0.816) …

Genetic correlation between smoking behavior and gastroesophageal reflux disease: insights from integrative multi-omics data.

BACKGROUND: Observational studies have preliminarily revealed an association between smoking and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). How … Cerebellar Hemisphere, Cerebellum, Cortex/Nucleus accumbens in SI and GERD, and SUOX identified in Caudate nucleus, Cerebellum, Cortex in NS and GERD. Lastly, consistent causal relationships were found through MR analysis, indicating that SI, ES, and CPD increase the risk of GERD, while NS and higher ASI decrease the risk. CONCLUSION: We identified genetic loci …

Dynamic changes of striatal and extrastriatal abnormalities in glutaric aciduria type I.

In glutaric aciduria type I, an autosomal recessive disease of mitochondrial lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan catabolism, striatal lesions are characteristically induced by acute encephalopathic crises during a finite period of brain development (age 3-36 months). The frequency of striatal injury is significantly less in patients diagnosed as asymptomatic newborns by newborn screening. Most previous studies have focused on the onset and mechanism of striatal injury, whereas little is known about neuroradiological abnormalities in pre-symptomatically diagnosed patients and about dynamic cha