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The National Wastewater Surveillance System (NWSS): From inception to widespread coverage, 2020-2022, United States.

Wastewater surveillance is a valuable tool that can be used to track infectious diseases in a community. In September 2020, the Centers for … ers started submitting SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing data to NWSS. In October 2022, NWSS expanded to monkeypox virus testing, with plans to include additional infectious disease targets in the future. Through the rapid implementation and expansion of NWSS, important lessons have been learned. Wastewater surveillance programs should consider both surge and long-ter …

Predictors of Mpox vaccine uptake among sexual and gender minority young adults living in Illinois: Unvaccinated vs. double vs. single dose vaccine recipients.

INTRODUCTION: The 2022 global outbreak of Monkeypox virus (Mpox), which has primarily spread through the sexual networks of sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals, has introduced new public health challenges. While an efficacious Mpox vaccine is in active circulation, few Mpox vaccine studies have examined its uptake among SGM groups. The aims of this study were to investigate (a) the prevalence of Mpox vaccine uptake among SGM and (b) the contextual, Mpox-disease specific, and Mpox-vaccine specific factors associated with Mpox vaccine among SGM. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional …

Perceptions and Knowledge of Public Towards Emerging Human Monkeypox in Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: The spread of monkeypox (mpox) worldwide poses a severe threat to human life. This virus leads to a disease with symptoms similar to smallpox in humans. To combat this threat, improving public knowledge and perception toward mpox is vital for public health preventive measures. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Yemen from December 2022 to March 2023 to investigate public perception and knowledge of mpox. Individuals were approached through social media platforms using a convenient sampling approach. Linear regression was used to determine the association between

A randomized phase 3 trial to assess the immunogenicity and safety of 3 consecutively produced lots of freeze-dried MVA-BN® vaccine in healthy adults.

Since vaccination remains the only effective protection against orthopox virus-induced diseases such as smallpox or monkeypox, the strategic use and stockpiling of these vaccines remains of significant public health importance. The approved liquid-frozen formulation of Bavarian Nordic's Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA-BN) smallpox vaccine has specific cold-chain requirements, while the freeze-dried (FD) formulation of this vaccine provides more flexibility in terms of storage conditions and shelf life. In this randomized phase 3 trial, the immunogenicity and safety of 3 consecutively manufacture

Tecovirimat treatment of clade II mpox: a virological analysis of a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

BACKGROUND: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has emerged as a global public health threat. Three phase 3 trials of tecovirimat showed no substantial clinical benefit. We report virus isolation and sequencing results from the Advancing Clinical Therapeutics Globally (ACTG) A5418-The Study of Tecovirimat for Human Mpox (A5418-STOMP). METHODS: ACTG A5418-STOMP was a phase 3 randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial (NCT05534984) with an additional open-label arm enrolling paediatric, pregnant, severely immunosuppressed, or severe-disease participants. Day 1 (baseline), day 8, and day 15 index les…

News media narratives of Covid-19 across 20 countries: Early global convergence and later regional divergence.

BACKGROUND: Seldom in history does one get a 'front row seat'-with large-scale dynamic data-on how online news media narratives shift with a global pandemic. News media narratives matter because they shape societal perceptions and influence the core tent poles of our society, from the economy to elections. Given its importance-and with the benefit of hindsight-we provide a systematic framework to analyze news narratives of Covid-19, laying the groundwork to evaluate policy and risk communications. OBJECTIVES: We leverage a 10-billion-word-database of online news, taken from over 7,000 English

Recombinant chimeric horsepox virus (TNX-801) is attenuated relative to vaccinia virus strains in both in vitro and in vivo models.

UNLABELLED: Recombinant chimeric horsepox virus (TNX-801) is a preclinical vaccine in development against mpox and smallpox. In this report, … ox vaccine strains in human primary cell lines and immunocompromised mice. IMPORTANCE: Variola and monkeypox viruses are medically important pathogens that can cause fatal human disease. The two FDA-approved vaccines, ACAM-2000 and JYNNEOS, have important advantages and disadvantages. ACAM-2000 offers durable immunity; however, it has high adverse event rates. I …

Infection of macrophages by mpox virus activates inflammasome and cell death, informing multitarget therapeutic strategies.

Severe mpox virus (MPXV) infection causes immunopathological manifestations in patients. Here, we provide clinical evidence of MPXV-induced inflammation in a large patient cohort and demonstrate direct macrophage infection in skin tissues from an autopsied mpox patient. In human macrophages, MPXV efficiently enters, replicates, and produces infectious particles. Infection activates both AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes, triggering inflammatory responses and three forms of programmed cell death: pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Inflammasome inhibition reduces MPXV-induced inflammation and ce

High Prevalence of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection among Persons with Suspect Mpox Cases during an Mpox Outbreak in Kenya, 2024.

Kenya is experiencing a clade Ib mpox outbreak, with 28 confirmed cases reported by the Ministry of Health from July to December 2024. Polymerase chain reaction testing was performed for varicella zoster virus (VZV). Testing was also part of the differential diagnosis for mpox, and a subset of cases was genetically sequenced. Of 277 specimens tested for mpox, 170 (61%) tested positive for VZV, including instances of coinfection with both viruses in four cases. Genome analysis was used to identify clade 5 human alphaherpesvirus 3 in eight of the genetically sequenced cases. Expanding laboratory

Recent advances in the study of live attenuated cell-cultured smallpox vaccine LC16m8.

LC16m8 is a live, attenuated, cell-cultured smallpox vaccine that was developed and licensed in Japan in the 1970s, but was not used in the campaign to eradicate smallpox. In the early 2000s, the potential threat of bioterrorism led to reconsideration of the need for a smallpox vaccine. Subsequently, LC16m8 production was restarted in Japan in 2002, requiring re-evaluation of its safety and efficacy. Approximately 50,000 children in the 1970s and about 3500 healthy adults in the 2000s were vaccinated with LC16m8 in Japan, and 153 adults have been vaccinated with LC16m8 or Dryvax in phase I/II

Sudan's Mpox surveillance system during the 2022 pandemic: a retrospective evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a zoonotic disease caused by the Mpox virus. Although the disease is endemic in several Central and West African countries, it has recently emerged in Europe and the United States and was declared a public health event of international concern. This study aimed to evaluate Mpox surveillance in Sudan and provide insights for better epidemic preparedness. METHODS: Mpox surveillance was evaluated based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. The targeted attributes were flexibility, sensitivity, usefulness, representativeness, timeliness

Mpox in Nigeria: Perceptions and knowledge of the disease among critical stakeholders-Global public health consequences.

BACKGROUND: The mpox (monkeypox) disease is a re-emerging viral zoonosis of international concern that is endemic in parts of Africa. The mpox virus (MPXV), which was hitherto largely limited to some Central and West African countries, was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the WHO on July 23, 2022 following the rapid spread of the virus to non-endemic countries. Globally, as of March 16, 2023, the WHO had reported 86,496 laboratory-confirmed cases of mpox and 111 deaths in 110 countries. Of the 1,420 cases of mpox reported in Africa as of March 16, 2023, Nigeria al

Short-term evolution of Mpox-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies among individuals undergoing MVA-BN vaccination.

OBJECTIVES: The data on immune responses of individuals undergoing modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccination are scarce. We aimed to compare Mpox virus-specific antibody and neutralizing antibody responses among people with and those without HIV receiving MVA-BN vaccines. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled participants undergoing two-dose MVA-BN vaccination to investigate seroresponses after vaccination. Blood samples were collected before and after each dose of vaccination for determinations of anti-A29 and anti-H3 IgG. Neutralization tests were conducted for sample

Psychological Antecedents of Healthcare Workers towards Monkeypox Vaccination in Nigeria.

The ongoing monkeypox (MPX) outbreak has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. People in close contact with active MPX cases, including healthcare workers (HCWs), are at higher risk of virus acquisition since the MPX virus can be transmitted by skin contact or respiratory secretions. In this study, we aimed to assess the psychological antecedents of MPX vaccination among Nigerian HCWs using the 5C scale. We used an anonymous online cross-sectional survey to recruit potential participants using snowball sampling. The questionnaire aimed to assess the geo/socioeconomi

Emerging zoonotic epidemics in the interconnected global community.

The rate at which epidemics of zoonotic disease in humans have surfaced over the past 25 years has shaken--some would say shattered--the assumption that zoonotic diseases are under control, says Paul Gibbs. In this review he analyses the global factors that have led to the increased emergence of zoonotic diseases, sketches several recent epidemics (and where relevant, their relationship to bioterrorism), discusses the lessons learned, and concludes by outlining an agenda for action.

Динамический m6A эпитранскриптомная реконструирование координаты транскриптомной транскрипции во время инфекции MPXV.

ОБЩАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Глобальное появление обезьянопокса (МПXV) подчеркивает настоятельную необходимость более глубокого понимания взаимодействия между хост-патогенами. Несмотря на то, что характерна транскриптомная реакция на инфекцию MPXV, роль эпитранскриптомного регулирования, в частности изменения N6-метиладенозина (m6A), по-прежнему в значительной степени не изучена. МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели комплексный анализ временных транскриптомных и м6А профилей метилома с использованием целых образцов крови, собранных из MPXV - зараженных резус-макаков в 7, 14 и 21 день после заражения, с использованием разл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The global emergence of monkeypox virus (MPXV) highlights the urgent need for a deeper understanding of host-pathogen interactions. Although transcriptional responses to MPXV infection have been characterized, the role of epitranscriptomic regulation particularly N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) modification remains largely unexplored. METHODS: We perfo…

Effectiveness of different border control strategies for reducing mpox importation risk: a modelling study.

BACKGROUND: The Clade Ib monkeypox virus can be more transmissible through non-sexual routes compared to the previous Clade IIb strain. With imported cases sporadically reported globally, concerns have emerged about the potential of widespread transmission in the general community after importation events. Border control measures, such as screening and quarantining of arriving travellers, may help mitigate this risk and prevent localised outbreaks in the event of global spread. METHODS: We developed an agent-based model to simulate individual disease progression and testing. We then evaluated…

Monkeypox Knowledge and Vaccine Hesitancy of Czech Healthcare Workers: A Health Belief Model (HBM)-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: The recent human monkeypox virus (HMPXV) outbreak in non-endemic countries that started in May 2022 has raised concerns among public health authorities worldwide. Healthcare workers (HCWs) play a decisive role during epidemics in transmitting accurate information to the public and motivating them to pursue protective behaviours, including immunisation. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in the Czech Republic in September 2022 to evaluate HMPXV-related knowledge and vaccination perceptions among HCWs. The study utilised a digital self-administered questionn…

Tepotinib and tivantinib as potential inhibitors for the serine/threonine kinase of the mpox virus: insights from structural bioinformatics analysis.

The serine/threonine kinase (STK) plays a central role as the primary kinase in poxviruses, directing phosphoryl transfer reactions. Such reactions are pivotal for the activation of certain proteins during viral replication, assembly, and maturation. Therefore, targeting this key protein is anticipated to impede virus replication. In this work, a structural bioinformatics approach was employed to evaluate the potential of drug-like kinase inhibitors in binding to the ATP-binding pocket on the STK of the Mpox virus. Virtual screening of known kinase inhibitors revealed that the top 10 inhibitor